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      The clinical significance of thyroid hormone-responsive in thyroid carcinoma and its potential regulatory pathway

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          Abstract

          The study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of thyroid hormone-responsive (THRSP) and explore its relevant pathways in thyroid carcinoma (THCA).

          The gene expression data of THRSP were obtained and the prognostic significance of THRSP in THCA was analyzed through various bioinformatics databases. Then, the factors influencing THRSP mRNA expression were explored, and the function of THRSP in predicting the lymph node metastasis (LNM) stage was determined. We further performed the enrichment analysis and constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network to examine potential regulatory pathways associated with THRSP.

          THRSP gene expression was significantly increased in THCA compared with the normal tissues. High THRSP mRNA expression had a favorable overall survival (OS) in THCA patients ( P < .05). Additionally, the mRNA expression of THRSP was related to stage, histological subtype, and methylation among THCA patients (all P < .05). Besides, THRSP served as a potent predictor in discriminating the LNM stage of thyroid cancer patients. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on THRSP-associated genes, THRSP was positively related to metabolic pathways.

          The upregulation of THRSP predicted a good OS in THCA patients. Furthermore, THRSP might inhibit THCA progression through positive regulation of metabolism-associated pathways.

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          Most cited references43

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          Fatty acid synthase and the lipogenic phenotype in cancer pathogenesis.

          There is a renewed interest in the ultimate role of fatty acid synthase (FASN)--a key lipogenic enzyme catalysing the terminal steps in the de novo biogenesis of fatty acids--in cancer pathogenesis. Tumour-associated FASN, by conferring growth and survival advantages rather than functioning as an anabolic energy-storage pathway, appears to necessarily accompany the natural history of most human cancers. A recent identification of cross-talk between FASN and well-established cancer-controlling networks begins to delineate the oncogenic nature of FASN-driven lipogenesis. FASN, a nearly-universal druggable target in many human carcinomas and their precursor lesions, offers new therapeutic opportunities for metabolically treating and preventing cancer.
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            DNA Methylation in Cancer and Aging.

            DNA methylation is known to be abnormal in all forms of cancer, but it is not really understood how this occurs and what is its role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we take a wide view of this problem by analyzing the strategies involved in setting up normal DNA methylation patterns and understanding how this stable epigenetic mark works to prevent gene activation during development. Aberrant DNA methylation in cancer can be generated either prior to or following cell transformation through mutations. Increasing evidence suggests, however, that most methylation changes are generated in a programmed manner and occur in a subpopulation of tissue cells during normal aging, probably predisposing them for tumorigenesis. It is likely that this methylation contributes to the tumor state by inhibiting the plasticity of cell differentiation processes. Cancer Res; 76(12); 3446-50. ©2016 AACR.
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              Microarray analysis reveals a major direct role of DNA copy number alteration in the transcriptional program of human breast tumors.

              Genomic DNA copy number alterations are key genetic events in the development and progression of human cancers. Here we report a genome-wide microarray comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) analysis of DNA copy number variation in a series of primary human breast tumors. We have profiled DNA copy number alteration across 6,691 mapped human genes, in 44 predominantly advanced, primary breast tumors and 10 breast cancer cell lines. While the overall patterns of DNA amplification and deletion corroborate previous cytogenetic studies, the high-resolution (gene-by-gene) mapping of amplicon boundaries and the quantitative analysis of amplicon shape provide significant improvement in the localization of candidate oncogenes. Parallel microarray measurements of mRNA levels reveal the remarkable degree to which variation in gene copy number contributes to variation in gene expression in tumor cells. Specifically, we find that 62% of highly amplified genes show moderately or highly elevated expression, that DNA copy number influences gene expression across a wide range of DNA copy number alterations (deletion, low-, mid- and high-level amplification), that on average, a 2-fold change in DNA copy number is associated with a corresponding 1.5-fold change in mRNA levels, and that overall, at least 12% of all the variation in gene expression among the breast tumors is directly attributable to underlying variation in gene copy number. These findings provide evidence that widespread DNA copy number alteration can lead directly to global deregulation of gene expression, which may contribute to the development or progression of cancer.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Medicine (Baltimore)
                Medicine (Baltimore)
                MD
                Medicine
                Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (Hagerstown, MD )
                0025-7974
                1536-5964
                05 August 2022
                05 August 2022
                : 101
                : 31
                : e29972
                Affiliations
                [a ] Department of Thyroid Surgery, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, China
                [b ] Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
                [c ] Orthopedics Department, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, China.
                Author notes
                *Correspondence: Yang-ping Zhang, Department of Thyroid Surgery, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 89 Heshan Road, Chengnan Street, Fu’an 355000, Ningde, Fujian, China (e-mail: mdyy_zyp@ 123456163.com ).
                Article
                00041
                10.1097/MD.0000000000029972
                9351852
                467af77e-2c0a-4119-ab9e-63a029d23baf
                Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 16 January 2022
                : 05 June 2022
                : 21 June 2022
                Categories
                Research Article
                Observational Study
                Custom metadata
                TRUE

                bioinformatics data,prognosis,thyroid carcinoma,thyroid hormone responsive expression

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