For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
57
views
44
references
 Top references
cited by
8
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      804
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Distribution of Legionella pneumophila bacteria and Naegleria and Hartmannella amoebae in thermal saline baths used in balneotherapy

      research-article
      Author(s): , ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Parasitology Research
      Publisher: Springer-Verlag

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The present study was aimed at investigating the coexistence and interactions between free living amoebae of Naegleria and Hartmannella genera and pathogenic Legionella pneumophila bacteria in thermal saline baths used in balneotherapy in central Poland. Water samples were collected from November 2010 to May 2011 at intervals longer than 1 month. The microorganisms were detected with the use of a very sensitive fluorescence in situ hybridisation method. In addition, the morphology of the amoebae was studied. Despite relatively high salinity level, ranging from 1.5 to 5.0 %, L. pneumophila were found in all investigated baths, although their number never exceeded 10 6 cells dm −3. Hartmannella were not detected, while Naegleria fowleri were found in one bath. The observation that N. fowleri and L. pneumophila may coexist in thermal saline baths is the first observation emphasising potential threat from these microorganisms in balneotherapy.

          Related collections

          Most cited references44

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Legionella and Legionnaires' disease: 25 years of investigation.

          Barry S Fields, Robert Benson, Richard E. Besser (2002)
          There is still a low level of clinical awareness regarding Legionnaires' disease 25 years after it was first detected. The causative agents, legionellae, are freshwater bacteria with a fascinating ecology. These bacteria are intracellular pathogens of freshwater protozoa and utilize a similar mechanism to infect human phagocytic cells. There have been major advances in delineating the pathogenesis of legionellae through the identification of genes which allow the organism to bypass the endocytic pathways of both protozoan and human cells. Other bacteria that may share this novel infectious process are Coxiella burnetti and Brucella spp. More than 40 species and numerous serogroups of legionellae have been identified. Most diagnostic tests are directed at the species that causes most of the reported human cases of legionellosis, L. pneumophila serogroup 1. For this reason, information on the incidence of human respiratory disease attributable to other species and serogroups of legionellae is lacking. Improvements in diagnostic tests such as the urine antigen assay have inadvertently caused a decrease in the use of culture to detect infection, resulting in incomplete surveillance for legionellosis. Large, focal outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease continue to occur worldwide, and there is a critical need for surveillance for travel-related legionellosis in the United States. There is optimism that newly developed guidelines and water treatment practices can greatly reduce the incidence of this preventable illness.
          Article 0 comments Cited 288 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Microorganisms resistant to free-living amoebae.

            G Greub, D Raoult (2004)
            Free-living amoebae feed on bacteria, fungi, and algae. However, some microorganisms have evolved to become resistant to these protists. These amoeba-resistant microorganisms include established pathogens, such as Cryptococcus neoformans, Legionella spp., Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycobacterium avium, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Francisella tularensis, and emerging pathogens, such as Bosea spp., Simkania negevensis, Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, and Legionella-like amoebal pathogens. Some of these amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARB) are lytic for their amoebal host, while others are considered endosymbionts, since a stable host-parasite ratio is maintained. Free-living amoebae represent an important reservoir of ARB and may, while encysted, protect the internalized bacteria from chlorine and other biocides. Free-living amoebae may act as a Trojan horse, bringing hidden ARB within the human "Troy," and may produce vesicles filled with ARB, increasing their transmission potential. Free-living amoebae may also play a role in the selection of virulence traits and in adaptation to survival in macrophages. Thus, intra-amoebal growth was found to enhance virulence, and similar mechanisms seem to be implicated in the survival of ARB in response to both amoebae and macrophages. Moreover, free-living amoebae represent a useful tool for the culture of some intracellular bacteria and new bacterial species that might be potential emerging pathogens.
            Article 0 comments Cited 270 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: a worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt.

              Panagiotis Karanis, Christina Kourenti, Huw Smith (2007)
              At least 325 water-associated outbreaks of parasitic protozoan disease have been reported. North American and European outbreaks accounted for 93% of all reports and nearly two-thirds of outbreaks occurred in North America. Over 30% of all outbreaks were documented from Europe, with the UK accounting for 24% of outbreaks, worldwide. Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum account for the majority of outbreaks (132; 40.6% and 165; 50.8%, respectively), Entamoeba histolytica and Cyclospora cayetanensis have been the aetiological agents in nine (2.8%) and six (1.8%) outbreaks, respectively, while Toxoplasma gondii and Isospora belli have been responsible for three outbreaks each (0.9%) and Blastocystis hominis for two outbreaks (0.6%). Balantidium coli, the microsporidia, Acanthamoeba and Naegleria fowleri were responsible for one outbreak, each (0.3%). Their presence in aquatic ecosystems makes it imperative to develop prevention strategies for water and food safety. Human incidence and prevalence-based studies provide baseline data against which risk factors associated with waterborne and foodborne transmission can be identified. Standardized methods are required to maximize public health surveillance, while reporting lessons learned from outbreaks will provide better insight into the public health impact of waterborne pathogenic protozoa.
              Article 0 comments Cited 160 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : ezbikow@biol.uni.torun.pl
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Parasitol Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Parasitol. Res
                Title: Parasitology Research
                Publisher: Springer-Verlag (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                ISSN (Print): 0932-0113
                ISSN (Electronic): 1432-1955
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 September 2012
                Publication date PMC-release: 30 September 2012
                Publication date (Print): January 2013
                Volume: 112
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 77-83
                Affiliations
                [ ]Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
                [ ]Department of Water Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
                [ ]Department of Geology and Hydrogeology, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
                Article
                Publisher ID: 3106
                DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3106-4
                PMC ID: 3536949
                PubMed ID: 23052757
                SO-VID: 47f50d6d-724a-4ec7-b4e9-7cc4513fe7b8
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2012
                History
                Date received : 13 June 2012
                Date accepted : 24 August 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content804

                See all similar

                Cited by8

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors360

                See all reference authors