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      The Effect of Beck’s Cognitive Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Sociotropic and Autonomous Personality Styles in Patients With Depression

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Depression is characterized by a great risk of relapse and recurrence. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and cognitive therapy are efficacious psychosocial interventions for recurrent depression.

          Objectives:

          The aim of the present research was to compare the effect of Beck’s cognitive therapy (BCT) and MBCT on reduction of depression and sociotropic and autonomous personality styles in Iranian depressed patients.

          Patients and Methods:

          The study sample consisted of 30 subjects randomly selected from patients with depression in Mashhad city, Iran. The subjects were assigned randomly to experimental groups. The 2 techniques used for treatment were BCT and MBCT. The data collection instruments used in the research consisted of psychological interview, the Beck Depression Inventory II and the revised Personal Style Inventory (RPSI). The research data was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

          Results:

          BCT and MBCT were effective in reducing depression, but BCT and MBCT did not cause any change in the sociotropic and autonomous personality styles in patients with depression.

          Conclusions:

          The results provide support for the role of BCT and MBCT plays in reducing depression. However, the results did not approve their role in changing sociotropic and autonomous personality styles in patients with depression.

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          Most cited references35

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          Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: replication and exploration of differential relapse prevention effects.

          S Ma, John D. Teasdale (2004)
          Recovered recurrently depressed patients were randomized to treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU plus mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). Replicating previous findings, MBCT reduced relapse from 78% to 36% in 55 patients with 3 or more previous episodes; but in 18 patients with only 2 (recent) episodes corresponding figures were 20% and 50%. MBCT was most effective in preventing relapses not preceded by life events. Relapses were more often associated with significant life events in the 2-episode group. This group also reported less childhood adversity and later first depression onset than the 3-or-more-episode group, suggesting that these groups represented distinct populations. MBCT is an effective and efficient way to prevent relapse/recurrence in recovered depressed patients with 3 or more previous episodes.
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            Adaptive and maladaptive self-focus in depression.

            Ed Watkins, John D. Teasdale (2004)
            Studies of rumination suggest that self-focused attention is maladaptive and perpetuates depression. Conversely, self-focused attention can be adaptive, facilitating self-knowledge and the development of the alternative functional interpretations of negative thoughts and feelings on which cognitive therapy of depression depends. Increasing evidence suggests there are distinct varieties of self-focus, each with distinct functional properties. This study tested the prediction that in depressed patients brief inductions of analytical versus experiential self-focus would differentially affect overgeneral autobiographical memory, a phenomenon associated with poor clinical course. It was predicted that, relative to analytical self-focus, experiential self-focus would reduce overgeneral memory. 28 depressed patients either thought analytically about, or focused on their momentary experience of, identical symptom-focused induction items from [Cogn. Emotion 7 (1993) 561] rumination task. Participants completed the Autobiographical Memory Test [J. Abnorm. Psychol. 95 (1986) 144] before and after self-focus manipulations. Experiential self-focus reduced overgeneral memory compared to analytical self-focus. Analytical and experiential self-focus did not differ in their effects on mood. In the absence of a reference condition, only conclusions concerning the relative effects of analytical and experiential self-focus can be made. Results (1) support the differentiation of self-focus into distinct modes of self-attention with distinct functional effects in depression; (2) provide further evidence for the modifiability of overgeneral memory; and (3) provide further evidence for the dissociation of overgeneral memory and depressed mood. Clinically, results support the usefulness of training recovered depressed patients in adaptive experiential forms of self-awareness, as in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
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              Treatment-resistant depressed patients show a good response to Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy

              M.A. Kenny, J.M.G. Williams (2007)
              Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a class-based programme designed for use in the prevention of relapse of major depression. Its aim is to teach participants to disengage from those cognitive processes that may render them vulnerable to future episodes. These same cognitive processes are also known to maintain depression once established, hence a clinical audit was conducted to explore the use of MBCT in patients who were currently actively depressed, and who had not responded fully to standard treatments. The study showed that it was acceptable to these patients and resulted in an improvement in depression scores (pre-post Effect Size=1.04), with a significant proportion of patients returning to normal or near-normal levels of mood.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci
                Journal ID (doi): 10.17795/ijpbs
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
                Title: Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
                Publisher: Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 1735-8639
                ISSN (Electronic): 1735-9287
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 December 2015
                Publication date (Print): December 2015
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: e3665
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IR Iran
                [2 ]Department of Psychology, School of Statistical, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IR Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Abbas Abolghasemi, Department of Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9143535482, Fax: +98 4515510132, E-mail: abolghasemi1344@ 123456uma.ac.ir
                Article
                DOI: 10.17795/ijpbs-3665
                PMC ID: 4733313
                PubMed ID: 26834809
                SO-VID: 4b03c2b3-93cc-4495-b08b-0bf35fc32dff
                Copyright © Copyright © 2015, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 12 February 2015
                Date revision received : 21 May 2015
                Date accepted : 30 July 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: cognitive therapy,depression,mindfulness-based cognitive therapy,personality styles
                Data availability:
                Keywords: cognitive therapy, depression, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, personality styles

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