Competing Interests: CWCK has received research support from the Advanced Foods and Material Network, Agrifoods
and Agriculture Canada, the Almond Board of California, the American Pistachio Growers,
Barilla, the California Strawberry Commission, the Calorie Control Council, CIHR,
the Canola Council of Canada, the Coca-Cola Company (investigator initiated, unrestricted
grant), Hain Celestial, the International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research and
Education Foundation, Kellogg, Kraft, Loblaw Companies Ltd., Orafti, Pulse Canada,
Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, Solae and Unilever. He has received travel funding, consultant
fees and/or honoraria from Abbott Laboratories, the Almond Board of California, the
American Peanut Council, the American Pistachio Growers, Barilla, Bayer, the Canola
Council of Canada, the Coca-Cola Company, Danone, General Mills, the International
Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research and Education Foundation, Kellogg, Loblaw Companies
Ltd., the Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Oldways Preservation Trust, Orafti, Paramount
Farms, the Peanut Institute, PepsiCo, Pulse Canada, Sabra Dipping Co., Saskatchewan
Pulse Growers, Solae, Sun-Maid, Tate and Lyle, and Unilever. He is on the Dietary
Guidelines Committee for the Diabetes Nutrition Study Group of the European Association
for the Study of Diabetes and has served on the scientific advisory board for the
Almond Board of California, the International Tree Nut Council, Oldways Preservation
Trust, Paramount Farms and Pulse Canada. VH has received research support from the
CIHR and the World Health Organization (WHO) for work on a systematic review and meta-analysis
commissioned by WHO of the relation of saturated fatty acids with health outcomes.
She received a travel award to attend a science day hosted by PepsiCo Inc. and the
New York Academy of Sciences. LC has received research support from the CIHR and the
Agricultural Bioproducts Innovation Program through the Pulse Research Network (PURENet),
and Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. She is also a casual clinical research coordinator
at Glycemic Index Laboratories. RJdS is funded by a CIHR Postdoctoral Fellowship Award
and has received research support from the CIHR, the Calorie Control Council, the
Canadian Foundation for Dietetic Research and the Coca-Cola Company (investigator
initiated, unrestricted grant). He has served as an external resource person to WHO’s
Nutrition Guidelines Advisory Group and received travel support from WHO to attend
group meetings. He is the lead author of 2 systematic reviews and meta-analyses commissioned
by WHO of the relation of saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids with health
outcomes. DJAJ has received research grants from Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, the Agricultural
Bioproducts Innovation Program through the Pulse Research Network, the Advanced Foods
and Material Network, Loblaw Companies Ltd., Unilever, Barilla, the Almond Board of
California, the Coca-Cola Company (investigator initiated, unrestricted grant), Solae,
Haine Celestial, the Sanitarium Company, Orafti, the International Tree Nut Council
Nutrition Research and Education Foundation, the Peanut Institute, the Canola and
Flax Councils of Canada, the Calorie Control Council, the CIHR, the Canada Foundation
for Innovation and the Ontario Research Fund. He has been on the speaker’s panel,
served on the scientific advisory board, and/or received travel support and/or honoraria
from the Almond Board of California, Canadian Agriculture Policy Institute, Loblaw
Companies Ltd, the Griffin Hospital (for the development of the NuVal scoring system),
the Coca- Cola Company, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, Sanitarium Company, Orafti, the
Almond Board of California, the American Peanut Council, the International Tree Nut
Council Nutrition Research and Education Foundation, the Peanut Institute, Herbalife
International, Pacific Health Laboratories, Nutritional Fundamental for Health, Barilla,
Metagenics, Bayer Consumer Care, Unilever Canada and Netherlands, Solae, Kellogg,
Quaker Oats, Procter & Gamble, the Coca-Cola Company, the Griffin Hospital, Abbott
Laboratories, the Canola Council of Canada, Dean Foods, the California Strawberry
Commission, Haine Celestial, PepsiCo, the Alpro Foundation, Pioneer Hi- Bred International,
DuPont Nutrition and Health, Spherix Consulting and WhiteWave Foods, the Advanced
Foods and Material Network, the Canola and Flax Councils of Canada, the Nutritional
Fundamentals for Health, Agri-Culture and Agri-Food Canada, the Canadian Agri-Food
Policy Institute, Pulse Canada, the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, the Soy Foods Association
of North America, the Nutrition Foundation of Italy (NFI), Nutra- Source Diagnostics,
the McDougall Program, the Toronto Knowledge Translation Group (St. Michael’s Hospital),
the Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, the
Canadian Nutrition Society (CNS), the American Society of Nutrition (ASN), Arizona
State University, Paolo Sorbini Foundation and the Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism
and Diabetes. He received an honorarium from the United States Department of Agriculture
to present the 2013 W.O. Atwater Memorial Lecture. He received the 2013 Award for
Excellence in Research from the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council. He received
funding and travel support from the Canadian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism
to produce mini cases for the Canadian Diabetes Association. His wife is a director
and partner of Glycemic Index Laboratories, and his sister received funding through
a grant from the St. Michael’s Hospital Foundation to develop a cookbook for one of
his studies. JLS has received research support from the CIHR, Calorie Control Council,
the Coca-Cola Company (investigator initiated, unrestricted grant), Pulse Canada,
and the International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research and Education Foundation.
He has received travel funding, speaker fees, and/or honoraria from the American Heart
Association, the American Society for Nutrition, the National Institute of Diabetes
and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the Canadian Diabetes Association, the Canadian
Nutrition Society, the Calorie Control Council, the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group
of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, the International Life Sciences
Institute North America, the International Life Sciences Institute Brazil, the University
of South Carolina, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Canadian Sugar Institute,
Oldways Preservation Trust, the Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Abbott Laboratories,
Pulse Canada, Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, Corn Refiners Association, and the Coca-Cola
Company. He is on the Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee for Nutrition
Therapy of both the Canadian Diabetes Association and the European Association for
the Study of Diabetes, and he is on the American Society for Nutrition writing panel
for a scientific statement on the metabolic and nutritional effects of fructose, sucrose
and high-fructose corn syrup. He is a member of the Carbohydrate Quality Consortium
and an unpaid scientific advisor for the Food, Nutrition and Safety Program of the
International Life Science Institute North America. His wife is an employee of Unilever
Canada. No competing interests were declared by EV, SBM, AIC, AM, VHJ, LSAA, and LL.
There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This
does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data
and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.
