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      Extractos de Sargassum spp. como inductores de tolerancia a Fusarium oxysporum en plántulas de tomate Translated title: Sargassum spp. extracts as tolerance inducers to Fusarium oxysporum in tomato seedlings

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN. Fusarium oxysporum es uno de los patógenos más destructivos con gran distribución y efectos devastadores en hortalizas. Una alternativa para mitigar el daño por F. oxysporum es el uso de bioestimulantes, ya que promueven una respuesta de defensa en situaciones de estrés. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el potencial bioestimulante de extractos hidroalcohólicos de Sargassum spp. (SAR) para incrementar la tolerancia a la infección por F. oxysporum en plántulas de tomate. Se evaluaron 17 extractos, los cuales se aplicaron de manera foliar a las plántulas a los 7, 12, 22, 33 y 43 DDT (días después del trasplante). La inducción de tolerancia de los extractos de SAR se evaluó en términos de incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad y variables agronómicas. El extracto E12 mostró un mejor control de la enfermedad con un 17% menos de la severidad de síntomas respecto al testigo infectado.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT. Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most destructive pathogens with wide distribution and devastating effects on vegetables. An alternative to mitigate the damage caused by F. oxysporum is the use of biostimulants, since they promote a defense response in stressful situations. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biostimulant potential of hydroalcoholic extracts of Sargassum spp. (SAR) to increase tolerance to infection by F. oxysporum in tomato seedlings. 17 extracts were evaluated, which were applied in a foliar way to the seedlings at 7, 12, 22, 33 and 43 DAT (days after transplantation). The induction of tolerance of the SAR extracts was evaluated in terms of incidence and severity of the disease and agronomic variables. The E12 extract showed better disease control with 17% less severity of symptoms with respect to the infected control.

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          Most cited references25

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          Seaweed Polysaccharides and Derived Oligosaccharides Stimulate Defense Responses and Protection Against Pathogens in Plants

          Plants interact with the environment by sensing “non-self” molecules called elicitors derived from pathogens or other sources. These molecules bind to specific receptors located in the plasma membrane and trigger defense responses leading to protection against pathogens. In particular, it has been shown that cell wall and storage polysaccharides from green, brown and red seaweeds (marine macroalgae) corresponding to ulvans, alginates, fucans, laminarin and carrageenans can trigger defense responses in plants enhancing protection against pathogens. In addition, oligosaccharides obtained by depolymerization of seaweed polysaccharides also induce protection against viral, fungal and bacterial infections in plants. In particular, most seaweed polysaccharides and derived oligosaccharides trigger an initial oxidative burst at local level and the activation of salicylic (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and/or ethylene signaling pathways at systemic level. The activation of these signaling pathways leads to an increased expression of genes encoding: (i) Pathogenesis-Related (PR) proteins with antifungal and antibacterial activities; (ii) defense enzymes such as pheylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and lipoxygenase (LOX) which determine accumulation of phenylpropanoid compounds (PPCs) and oxylipins with antiviral, antifugal and antibacterial activities and iii) enzymes involved in synthesis of terpenes, terpenoids and/or alkaloids having antimicrobial activities. Thus, seaweed polysaccharides and their derived oligosaccharides induced the accumulation of proteins and compounds with antimicrobial activities that determine, at least in part, the enhanced protection against pathogens in plants.
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            RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM 1, a dominant Arabidopsis disease-resistance gene, is not race specific.

            Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes differ in their susceptibility to Fusarium wilt diseases. Ecotype Taynuilt-0 (Ty-0) is susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum forma specialis (f.) matthioli whereas Columbia-0 (Col-0) is resistant. Segregation analysis of a cross between Ty-0 and Col-0 revealed six dominant RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM (RFO) loci that significantly contribute to f. matthioli resistance in Col-0 relative to Ty-0. We refer to the locus with the strongest effect as RFO1. Ty-0 plants in which only the Col-0 allele of RFO1 (RFO1(Col-0)) was introduced were resistant to f. matthioli. Surprisingly, RFO1(Col-0) also conferred resistance to f. raphani, demonstrating that RFO1-mediated resistance is not race specific. Expression of resistance by RFO2, RFO4, or RFO6 was dependent on RFO1(Col-0). Map-based cloning of RFO1(Col-0) showed that RFO1 is identical to the previously named Arabidopsis gene WAKL22 (WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASE-LIKE KINASE 22), which encodes a receptor-like kinase that does not contain an extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain. Consistent with these results, a Col-0 rfo1 loss-of-function mutant was more susceptible to f. matthioli, f. conglutinans, and f. raphani. Thus, RFO1 encodes a novel type of dominant disease-resistance protein that confers resistance to a broad spectrum of Fusarium races.
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              Resolving Fusarium: Current Status of the Genus

              The fungal genus Fusarium is one of the most important groups of plant-pathogenic fungi and affects a huge diversity of crops in all climatic zones across the globe. In addition, it is also a human pathogen and produces several extremely important mycotoxins in food products that have deleterious effects on livestock and humans. These fungi have been plagued over the past century by different perspectives of what constitutes the genus Fusarium and how many species occur within the genus. Currently, there are conflicting views on the generic boundaries and what defines a species that impact disease diagnosis, management, and biosecurity legislation. An approach to defining and identifying Fusarium that places the needs of the community of users (especially, in this case, phytopathologists) to the forefront is presented in this review.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                era
                Ecosistemas y recursos agropecuarios
                Ecosistemas y recur. agropecuarios
                Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado (Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico )
                2007-9028
                2007-901X
                2021
                : 8
                : 1
                : e2826
                Affiliations
                [3] Ahuacatlán orgnameUniversidad Interserrana del Estado de Puebla Mexico
                [6] Saltillo orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro Mexico
                [5] Saltillo orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro orgdiv1Departamento de Horticultura Mexico
                [1] Saltillo orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro Mexico
                [2] Saltillo orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Coahuila orgdiv1Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos Mexico
                [4] Saltillo orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología en Alimentos Mexico
                Article
                S2007-90282021000100012 S2007-9028(21)00800100012
                10.19136/era.a8n1.2826
                4efe22dd-e65a-4b0d-9948-4a73a28371aa

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 March 2021
                : 29 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

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                Notas científicas

                incidencia y severidad,incidence and severity,extractos hidroalcohólicos,estrés biótico,Solanum lycopersicum,Biostimulant,biotic stress,hydroalcoholic extracts,Bioestimulante

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