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      The effectiveness of an immersive virtual reality and telemedicine-based cognitive intervention on prospective memory in Parkinson’s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment and healthy aged individuals: design and preliminary baseline results of a placebo-controlled study

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Prospective memory (PM) impairments have been extensively documented in individuals with Parkinson’s disease associated with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and in those with healthy aging. Considering how PM failure decreases individuals’ quality of life and functional independence in the activities of daily living, training to enhance this ability could be a prior target of intervention.

          Objective

          Here, we aimed to present the study protocol and preliminary results of a novel immersive virtual reality (IVR) and telemedicine-based (TM) cognitive intervention focused on executive abilities (i.e., planning, shifting, and updating) to improve PM functioning in PD-MCI patients and healthy elderly individuals.

          Methods

          Outcome measures, collected before, immediately after and 2 months after the intervention, included: (1) pre-post training changes in objective cognitive functioning, evaluated with tests assessing executive functions and PM; (2) pre-post training changes in subjective perception of memory functioning, psychiatric symptoms, autonomy in daily living and quality of life, evaluated using the appropriate scales; (3) usability, feasibility and users’ compliance with the proposed IVR and telemedicine program. The efficacy of this intervention compared to an active control condition is currently being evaluated in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial, which will be conducted on 30 eligible PD-MCI patients and 30 older adults.

          Results

          Preliminary results concerning between-group comparisons of demographic and neuropsychological screening data show a good balance among the intervention groups considered in this study. The results also suggest good levels of usability, feasibility and acceptability, thus supporting the notion that our intervention can be used to promote cognitive functioning, even in people with cognitive decline.

          Conclusion

          Considering the relatively low costs and easy accessibility to this program, it could prove valuable in primary prevention initiatives and early cognitive rehabilitation for dementia risk reduction.

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          Most cited references61

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Maria Stefania De Simone: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/530022/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Alberto Costa: Role: Role: Role:
                Gaetano Tieri: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/269348/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role:
                Sara Taglieri: Role: Role: Role:
                Giorgia Cona: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/78977/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role:
                Eleonora Fiorenzato: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/672523/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role:
                Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/206099/overviewRole:
                Carlo Caltagirone: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/113537/overviewRole:
                Silvia Zabberoni: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/230625/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Psychol.
                Title: Frontiers in Psychology
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1664-1078
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 October 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 14
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1268337
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Psychology, Niccolò Cusano University , Rome, Italy
                [2] 2IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome, Italy
                [3] 3Virtual Reality and Digital Neuroscience Lab, Department of Law and Digital Society, University of Rome Unitelma Sapienza , Rome, Italy
                [4] 4Department of General Psychology, University of Padua , Padua, Italy
                [5] 5Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome , Rome, Italy
                Author notes

                Edited by: Dalila Burin, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

                Reviewed by: Edoardo Nicolò Aiello, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy; Lorenzo Pia, University of Turin, Italy

                *Correspondence: Maria Stefania De Simone, mariastefania.desimone@ 123456unicusano.it
                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1268337
                PMC ID: 10622796
                SO-VID: 4f7a78ba-7a1d-4e48-9a53-4af2de9869e3
                Copyright © Copyright © 2023 De Simone, Costa, Tieri, Taglieri, Cona, Fiorenzato, Carlesimo, Caltagirone and Zabberoni.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 27 July 2023
                Date accepted : 10 October 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 62, Pages: 13, Words: 10620
                Funding
                The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was founded by the grant “Giovani Ricercatori – Ricerca Finalizzata 2018” code GR-2018-12366002 from the Italian Ministry of Health (SZ).
                Categories
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Original Research
                Custom metadata
                section-at-acceptance Neuropsychology

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: prospective memory,parkinson’s disease,healthy aging,training,immersive virtual reality,telemedicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: prospective memory, parkinson’s disease, healthy aging, training, immersive virtual reality, telemedicine

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