Identification and prediction of the fertile window using NaturalCycles.

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of a novel web and mobile application to identify a woman's ovulation day and fertile window, in order to use it as a method of natural birth control.

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Most cited references 15

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Timing of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation. Effects on the probability of conception, survival of the pregnancy, and sex of the baby.

Allen Wilcox, Clarice R. Weinberg, Donna Baird (1995)

The timing of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation strongly influences the chance of conception, although the actual number of fertile days in a woman's menstrual cycle is uncertain. The timing of intercourse may also be associated with the sex of the baby. We recruited 221 healthy women who were planning to become pregnant. At the same time the women stopped using birth-control methods, they began collecting daily urine specimens and keeping daily records of whether they had sexual intercourse. We measured estrogen and progesterone metabolites in urine to estimate the day of ovulation. In a total of 625 menstrual cycles for which the dates of ovulation could be estimated, 192 pregnancies were initiated, as indicated by increases in the urinary concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin around the expected time of implantation. Two thirds (n = 129) ended in live births. Conception occurred only when intercourse took place during a six-day period that ended on the estimated day of ovulation. The probability of conception ranged from 0.10 when intercourse occurred five days before ovulation to 0.33 when it occurred on the day of ovulation itself. There was no evident relation between the age of sperm and the viability of the conceptus, although only 6 percent of the pregnancies could be firmly attributed to sperm that were three or more days old. Cycles producing male and female babies had similar patterns of intercourse in relation to ovulation. Among healthy women trying to conceive, nearly all pregnancies can be attributed to intercourse during a six-day period ending on the day of ovulation. For practical purposes, the timing of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation has no influence on the sex of the baby.

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Variability in the phases of the menstrual cycle.

Richard Fehring, Mary Schneider, Kathleen Raviele (2015)

To determine variability in the phases of the menstrual cycle among healthy, regularly cycling women. A prospective descriptive study of a new data set with biological markers to estimate parameters of the menstrual cycles. One hundred forty one healthy women (mean age 29 years) who monitored 3 to 13 menstrual cycles with an electronic fertility monitor and produced 1,060 usable cycles of data. MEASURES AND OUTCOMES: Variability in the length of the menstrual cycle and of the follicular, fertile, and luteal phases, and menses. The estimated day of ovulation and end of the fertile phase was the peak fertility reading on the monitor (i.e., the urinary luteinizing hormone surge). Mean total length was 28.9 days (SD = 3.4) with 95% of the cycles between 22 and 36 days. Intracycle variability of greater than 7 days was observed in 42.5% of the women. Ninety-five percent of the cycles had all 6 days of fertile phase between days 4 and 23, but only 25% of participants had all days of the fertile phase between days 10 and 17. Among regularly cycling women, there is considerable normal variability in the phases of the menstrual cycle. The follicular phase contributes most to this variability.

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Hormonal dynamics at midcycle: a reevaluation.

E Quigley, Stella Hoff, Sherwin S. Yen (1983)

The dynamics of ovarian and pituitary hormone changes during the midcycle period were evaluated. Changes in hormone levels were determined at 2-h intervals for 5 consecutive days during the periovulatory phase of the cycle in five women. During the 50 h preceding the onset of the surge, the rates of increments for estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and LH were similar, with doubling times of 57-61 h. The onset of LH and FSH surges was found to occur abruptly (LH doubled within 2 h). They were temporally associated with the attainment of peak E2 levels and occurred 12 h after the initiation of a rapid rise of P4. The mean duration of the surge was 48 h, with a rapidly ascending limb (doubling time, 5.2 h) lasting 14 h accompanied by a rapid decline of E2 and a continued rise of P4. The surge was followed by a peak plateau of gonadotropin levels lasting for 14 h and a transient leveling of P4. The longer descending limb (half-time, 9.6 h), lasting for 20 h, was associated with a second rapid rise of P4, beginning 36 h after surge onset or 12 h before termination of the surge. By using the onset of the LH surge as a reference point, our data provide a relatively precise picture of the hormonal changes preceding the onset of the gonadotropin surge and the temporal relationship between the multiphasic P4 rise and pituitary-ovarian function.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care

Title: The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception

Publisher: Informa Healthcare

ISSN (Electronic): 1473-0782

ISSN (Print): 1362-5187

Publication date (Electronic): 2015

Volume: 20

Issue: 5

Affiliations

[1 ] a * NaturalCycles Nordic AB , Stockholm , Sweden.

[2 ] b Department of Women's and Children's Health , Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.

Article

DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2014.988210

PubMed ID: 25592280

SO-VID: 51815ae4-90dd-4c54-ae51-9cdbf18aaa28

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Keywords: Basal body temperature,Fertile window,Fertility awareness,Fertility monitor,Natural birth control,Natural family planning

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Keywords: Basal body temperature, Fertile window, Fertility awareness, Fertility monitor, Natural birth control, Natural family planning

Identification and prediction of the fertile window using NaturalCycles.

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Most cited references 15

Timing of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation. Effects on the probability of conception, survival of the pregnancy, and sex of the baby.

Variability in the phases of the menstrual cycle.

Hormonal dynamics at midcycle: a reevaluation.

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