Upper airway surgery is often recommended to treat OSA patients who cannot tolerate continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP). However, the response to surgery is variable, potentially because it does not improve the non-anatomical factors (i.e. loop gain and arousal threshold) causing OSA. Measuring these traits clinically might predict responses to surgery. Our primary objective was to test the value of loop gain and arousal threshold to predict surgical success defined as 50% reduction in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and AHI <10 events/hr post-surgery.