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      Coronary Artery Imaging in Children

      review-article
      Author(s): , MD, PhD
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Korean Journal of Radiology
      Publisher: The Korean Society of Radiology
      Keywords: Coronary artery, Infants and children, CT, MRI, Echocardiography, Catheter angiography

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          Abstract

          Coronary artery problems in children usually have a significant impact on both short-term and long-term outcomes. Early and accurate diagnosis, therefore, is crucial but technically challenging due to the small size of the coronary artery, high heart rates, and limited cooperation of children. Coronary artery visibility on CT and MRI in children is considerably improved with recent technical advancements. Consequently, CT and MRI are increasingly used for evaluating various congenital and acquired coronary artery abnormalities in children, such as coronary artery anomalies, aberrant coronary artery anatomy specific to congenital heart disease, Kawasaki disease, Williams syndrome, and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

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          ALCAPA syndrome: not just a pediatric disease.

          Elena Pena, Elsie Nguyen, Naeem Merchant … (2015)
          Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) syndrome is a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly. There are two types of ALCAPA syndrome: the infant type and the adult type, each of which has different manifestations and outcomes. Infants experience myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure, and approximately 90% die within the 1st year of life. Rarely, ALCAPA syndrome manifests in adults; it may be an important cause of sudden cardiac death. Historically, ALCAPA syndrome was diagnosed at conventional angiography. However, the development of electrogardiographically gated multidetector computed tomographic (CT) angiography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging enables accurate noninvasive imaging. At MR imaging and multidetector CT angiography, findings include direct visualization of the left coronary artery arising from the main pulmonary artery. Reversed flow from the left coronary artery into the main pulmonary artery may be seen at steady-state free-precession cine and fast cine phase-contrast MR imaging. Because of its ability to assess myocardial viability, which can be used as a prognostic factor to direct the need for surgical repair, MR imaging plays an important role in patient treatment. Restoration of a dual-coronary-artery system is the ideal surgical treatment for ALCAPA syndrome. (c) RSNA, 2009.
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            CT Radiation Dose Optimization and Estimation: an Update for Radiologists

            Hyun Goo (2011)
            In keeping with the increasing utilization of CT examinations, the greater concern about radiation hazards from examinations has been addressed. In this regard, CT radiation dose optimization has been given a great deal of attention by radiologists, referring physicians, technologists, and physicists. Dose-saving strategies are continuously evolving in terms of imaging techniques as well as dose management. Consequently, regular updates of this issue are necessary especially for radiologists who play a pivotal role in this activity. This review article will provide an update on how we can optimize CT dose in order to maximize the benefit-to-risk ratio of this clinically useful diagnostic imaging method.
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              Identifying, characterizing, and classifying congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries.

              Jabi Shriki, Jerold Shinbane, Mollie Rashid … (2024)
              The clinical manifestations of coronary artery anomalies vary in severity, with some anomalies causing severe symptoms and cardiovascular sequelae and others being benign. Cardiovascular computed tomography (CT) has emerged as the standard of reference for identification and characterization of coronary artery anomalies. Therefore, it is important for the reader of cardiovascular CT images to be thoroughly familiar with the spectrum of coronary artery anomalies. Hemodynamically significant anomalies include atresia, origin from the pulmonary artery, interarterial course, and congenital fistula. Non-hemodynamically significant anomalies include duplication; high origin; a prepulmonic, transseptal, or retroaortic course; shepherd's crook right coronary artery; and systemic termination. In general, coronary arteries with an interarterial course are associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Coronary artery anomalies that result in shunting, including congenital fistula and origin from the pulmonary artery, are also commonly symptomatic and may cause steal of blood from the myocardium. Radiologists should be familiar with each specific variant and its specific constellation of potential implications.
              Article 0 comments Cited 39 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Korean J Radiol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Korean J Radiol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): KJR
                Title: Korean Journal of Radiology
                Publisher: The Korean Society of Radiology
                ISSN (Print): 1229-6929
                ISSN (Electronic): 2005-8330
                Publication date (Print): Mar-Apr 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 February 2015
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 239-250
                Affiliations
                Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Hyun Woo Goo, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea. Tel: (822) 3010-4388, Fax: (822) 476-0090, hwgoo@ 123456amc.seoul.kr
                Article
                DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2015.16.2.239
                PMC ID: 4347262
                PubMed ID: 25741188
                SO-VID: 53b46e4c-4efb-49ff-a942-24d0c9884ab7
                Copyright © Copyright © 2015 The Korean Society of Radiology
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 29 October 2014
                Date accepted : 25 December 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Cardiovascular Imaging
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Radiology & Imaging
                Keywords: coronary artery,infants and children,ct,mri,echocardiography,catheter angiography
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Radiology & Imaging
                Keywords: coronary artery, infants and children, ct, mri, echocardiography, catheter angiography

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