16
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Infecções do trato urinário: análise da freqüência e do perfil de sensibilidade dos agentes causadores de infecções do trato urinário em pacientes com cateterização vesical crônica Translated title: Analysis of the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibilities to urinary tract infections agents in chronic catheterized patients

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: As infecções do trato urinário (ITU) ganharam maior importância entre as infecções hospitalares, principalmente a relacionada à sondagem vesical crônica (80% de todas as ITU). OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a freqüência e o perfil de sensibilidade dos agentes causadores de ITU em pacientes cronicamente sondados em acompanhamento ambulatorial. MÉTODO: Dividido em duas etapas: coleta de dados laboratoriais com análises do perfil de sensibilidade dos agentes encontrados por laminocultivo e de prontuários, sendo instituída uma correlação clinicolaboratorial com os dados dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: A amostra do trabalho foi de 109 pacientes, com uma análise de 858 culturas das quais 674 (78,57%) foram positivas. Em relação às culturas de urina, os agentes etiológicos mais comuns encontrados foram a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (42,77% - 288 amostras), seguida por Escherichia coli (13,14% - 89 amostras) e Candida sp. (7,68% - 52 amostras). Segundo as medicações orais de escolha para o tratamento ambulatorial, a sensibilidade do norfloxacino para bacilos gram-negativos variou de 40% a 44,34% e do ciprofloxacino de 35,13% a 51,37%. Os principais fatores de risco foram tempo de cateterização, idade e diagnóstico de base. DISCUSSÃO: A faixa etária predominante dos pacientes foi a da sétima década de vida, o tempo de sondagem foi inferior a três anos e o diagnóstico de base principal a hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB). O perfil de sensibilidade para os bacilos gram-negativos mostrou uma sensibilidade variável perante antibióticos indicados para a ITU. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos em nosso estudo que n = 674 (78,57%) das uroculturas dos pacientes sondados são positivas para bactérias ou fungos. O agente mais freqüente de ITU nesses pacientes é a Pseudomonas aeruginosa, seguida da Escherichia coli, o segundo agente mais freqüente.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are gaining a new role of importance in nosocomial infections. The main reason for this increase is the huge number of chronic catheterized patients (corresponding to 80% of all UTI). OBJECTIVES: Analysis of the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibilities to urinary tract infections agents in chronic catheterized patients in outpatient setting. METHOD: Urine cultures of 109 patients mentioned above were analyzed and if positive, it was collected the patient conditions that leads to UTI, the causative agents and the antimicrobial susceptibilities. RESULTS: From the 858 urine cultures analyzed from 109 patients, 674 (78.57%) were positive for pathogens growth. The most common microorganisms found were the Gram-negative bacilli with 618 (92.38%) cultures in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 288 (42.77%) of them, followed by Escherichia coli with 89 (13.14%) cultures, antibiotic susceptibilities to norfloxacin was 40%-44.34% and to ciprofloxacin was 35.13%-51.37%, main choice to oral treatment. The main predisposed condition for the infection in these patients was: time of catheterization, age and diagnosis. DISCUSSION: In this study, it was determined that conditions predisposed towards UTI are fundamental for orientation, medical treatment and care in the catheterization. The data collection showed that 674 (78.57%) of these patients had infections, with great incidence in the first and second years. CONCLUSION: The non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli were the most common agents that differentiate them from the infections within the community in which the most frequent agent is Escherichia coli (which was the second agent in this study).

          Related collections

          Most cited references20

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention.

            Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIc) remain the most common nosocomial infection. Although usually benign, UTIc cause bacteremia in 2-4% of patients and have been associated with a case fatality rate three times as high as nonbacteriuric patients. Risk factors for UTIc identified in multivariate analyses include increasing duration of use, female sex, absence of systemic antibiotics, and disconnection of the catheter-collecting tube junction. Recent studies suggest that most episodes of low colony count bacteriuria (10(2)-10(4) cfu/ml) rapidly progress to high (greater than or equal to 10(5)/ml) colony counts within 24-48 hours. In persons with long-term catheterization, bacteriuria inevitably develops and the infecting strains change frequently. In this setting, Proteus and Morganella species produce catheter encrustations and persistent bacteriuria. Routes of bacterial entry have been well defined and differ by gender, with the periurethral route predominating in women and the intraluminal route in men. Growth of bacteria in biofilms on the inner surface of catheters promotes encrustation and may protect bacteria from antimicrobial agents. Bacterial virulence factors have not been well characterized in UTIc, but fimbrial adhesins have been associated with bacterial persistence in the catheterized urinary tract, and urease production has been associated with stone formation and catheter encrustation. Recent efforts to prevent UTIc have focused mainly on preventing bacterial entry to the urinary tract or eradicating bacteriuria after its onset and have been largely unsuccessful. Systemic antimicrobials, sealed tubing and catheter junctions, silver ion-coated catheters, and antiseptics in the collecting bag have all been efficacious in one or more controlled trials. Failure to stratify patients by major risk factors, especially gender, antimicrobial exposure, and catheter duration, makes interpretation of many trials difficult. Further research in the areas of innovative catheter system design, bacterial-host epithelial cell interaction, and targeted antimicrobial prophylaxis seem the most likely approaches to controlling UTIc in the future.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Guidelines for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

              The most common site of nosocomial infection, involving more than 400 000 patients in this country annually, is the catheterized urinary tract. These infections cause significant morbidity, prolong hospital stay, increase hospitalization costs, and contribute to mortality caused by Gram-negative septicemia. Strict adherence to appropriate infection control procedures is necessary if the incidence and sequels of catheter-related infections are to be reduced. Based upon current understanding of the epidemiology of nosocomial urinary tract infections, guidelines for the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections are presented.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jbpml
                Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial
                J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4774
                December 2005
                : 41
                : 6
                : 383-389
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo Brazil
                [4 ] Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Brazil
                [5 ] Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1676-24442005000600003
                10.1590/S1676-24442005000600003
                56a41029-e419-4b85-a2c3-121dda3f8965

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1676-2444&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
                MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
                PATHOLOGY

                Pathology,Medicine,Clinical chemistry
                Urinary tract infections,Catheter-associated urinary,Nosocomial infections,Infecção urinária,Sondagem vesical de demora,Antimicrobianos,Infecção hospitalar,tract infections,antibiotics

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content213

                Cited by3

                Most referenced authors243