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      Escalas de apoyo social para los hábitos alimentarios y para el ejercicio: propiedades psicométricas. Translated title: Scales for social support for eating habits and exercise: psychometric properties

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos: El apoyo social puede introducir cambios favorables en el estilo de vida de cara a reducir el riesgo cardiovascular. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar dichos cambios en la población clínica que participó en el mismo y presentar las propiedades psicométricas de dos escalas de apoyo social: los hábitos alimentarios y el ejercicio. Ambas fueron aplicadas en pacientes con síndrome metabólico (SM). Métodos: Participaron 135 sujetos en un programa de modificación de estilo de vida. Las medidas sociodemográficas, psicológicas y de estilo de vida fueron tomadas en el Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves (HUVN) de Granada (España) durante 2013 y 2014. Se realizaron los siguientes análisis: análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), de la consistencia interna, de la sensibilidad al cambio y de la estabilidad temporal. Resultados: El AFC confirmó la estructura original de ambas escalas, excepto por la exclusión del factor 2 (familia) de la escala de apoyo social para el ejercicio. Para la escala de apoyo social, el ajuste local, todos los ítems presentaron altos valores de cargas factoriales y fiabilidades individuales (λ≥0,64 y R2≥0,41, respectivamente). Para la escala de ejercicio, el ajuste local, los ítems presentaron altos valores de cargas factoriales y fiabilidades individuales (λ≥0,62 y R2≥0,38, respectivamente). Los valores de consistencia interna resultaron entre adecuados y excelentes, con cifras de alfa de Cronbach entre 0,714 y 0,864. En cuanto a la sensibilidad al cambio, el grupo experimental aumentó la percepción del apoyo social para la alimentación y para el ejercicio. El grupo de control no presentó diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran niveles adecuados de validez y fiabilidad, demostrando que las escalas son adecuadas para evaluar el apoyo social en pacientes con SM.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: Social support can introduce favorable changes in lifestyle to reduce the cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to verify these changes in the clinical population participating in this study and present the psychometric properties of the scales of social support for ‘Eating Habits' and ‘Exercise' in patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Methods: 135 participants attending a programme for changing lifestyle habits. Sociodemographic, psychological, and lifestyle variables were assessed at the Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves (HUVN) in Granada (Spain) between 2013 and 2014. The following procedures were used: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency, sensibility to change and temporal stability. Results: The AFC confirmed the original structure of both scales, except for the exclusion of factor 2 (family) from the social support scale for the year. For the social support scale, the local adjustment, all items presented high values of factor loads and individual reliability (λ≥0.64 and R2≥0.41, respectively). For the exercise scale, the local adjustment, the items presented high values of factor loads and individual reliability (λ≥0.62 and R2≥0.38, respectively). Internal consistency values were between adequate and excellent, with Cronbach's alpha figures between 0.714 and 0.864. Regarding sensitivity to change, the experimental group increased the perception of social support for food and exercise. The control group did not show significant differences. Conclusions: Our results show adequate indices for validity and reliability of the measures. Both measures appeared to be useful to assess social support in patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.

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          Consumo de grupos de alimentos y factores sociodemográficos en población mexicana

          Resumen: Objetivo: Estimar el consumo de alimentos recomendables y no recomendables para consumo cotidiano, por características sociodemográficas en la población mexicana. Material y métodos: Se utilizó información del cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos (de siete días), de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016. Se estimó el porcentaje de consumidores en preescolares, escolares, adolescentes y adultos, por área, región y nivel socioeconómico (NSE). Resultados: Menos de 50% de la población consumió de verduras diariamente. Alrededor de 80% de la población consumió agua sola diariamente y bebidas endulzadas al menos tres días a la semana. Las regiones Centro y Ciudad de México tuvieron el mayor porcentaje de consumidores de frutas y verduras (p<0.012). El NSE alto presentó el mayor porcentaje de consumidores de grupos de alimentos recomendables y no recomendables. Conclusiones. Un porcentaje importante de la población no consume frutas, verduras, ni agua sola diariamente.
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            A Healthy Lifestyle Score Is Associated with Cardiometabolic and Neuroendocrine Risk Factors among Puerto Rican Adults.

            Although individual healthy lifestyle behaviors may reduce cardiovascular disease risk, few studies have analyzed the combined effect of multiple lifestyle components as one all-inclusive measure on such outcomes, much less in minority populations.
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              The influence of family, friend, and coworker social support and social undermining on weight gain prevention among adults

              Objective Examine longitudinal associations between sources of social support and social undermining for healthy eating and physical activity and weight change. Design and Methods Data are from 633 employed adults participating in a cluster-randomized multilevel weight gain prevention intervention. Primary predictors included social support and social undermining for two types of behaviors (healthy eating and physical activity) from three sources (family, friends, and coworkers) obtained via self-administered surveys. The primary outcome (weight in kg) was measured by trained staff. Data were collected at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Linear multivariable models examined the association of support and social undermining with weight over time, adjusting for intervention status, time, gender, age, education, and clustering of individuals within schools. Results Adjusting for all primary predictors and covariates, friend support for healthy eating (β=−0.15), coworker support for healthy eating (β=−0.11), and family support for physical activity (β=−0.032) were associated with weight reduction at 24 months (p-values<0.05). Family social undermining for healthy eating was associated with weight gain at 24 months (β=0.12; p=0.0019). Conclusions Among adult employees, friend and coworker support for healthy eating and family support for physical activity predicted improved weight management. Interventions that help adults navigate family social undermining of healthy eating are warranted.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2019
                : 93
                : e201911063
                Affiliations
                [1] Granada Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Granada orgdiv1Facultad de Psicología orgdiv2Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico Spain
                [3] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Faculdade de Psicologia orgdiv2Psicóloga Clínica Brazil
                [6] Granada Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Granada orgdiv1Facultad de Psicología orgdiv2Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico Spain
                [2] Granada orgnameComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada orgdiv1Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna España
                [5] Granada Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Granada orgdiv1Facultad de Psicología y Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento orgdiv2Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico Spain
                [4] Jaén Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Jaén orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermería orgdiv2Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Spain
                Article
                S1135-57272019000100442 S1135-5727(19)09300000442
                591bc26b-30b3-4e1a-b895-159680bc7532

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 February 2019
                : 12 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
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                Social support,Propiedades psicométricas,Síndrome metabólico,Psychometric properties,Apoyo social,Ejercicio,Dieta,Metabolic syndrome,Physical exercise,Diet

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