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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the most likely direction of influence
between the symptom severity in schizophrenic young adults and the expressed emotion
(EE) of their mothers. Specifically, the stability and cross-lagged effects of mothers'
critical comments (CC) or emotional overinvolvement (EOI) and the severity of four
symptom clusters were examined. Twenty-eight patients and their mothers were interviewed
three times at 9 month intervals. Data were subjected to a form of structural equation
modeling: cross-lagged panel analysis. Results suggest that maternal CCs and EOI both
tend to be influenced by the patient's total symptom severity and are influenced significantly
by negative symptoms, but not by positive symptoms. Also, the more severe the hostile-uncooperative
symptoms in the patient, the more critical the mothers become over time. However,
the greater the mother's EOI at time 1, the less severe the patient's hostile-uncooperative
symptoms at time 3. The usual implication of the association between high EE and relapse,
which was also found in this sample, is that high EE causes symptom exacerbation.
The results of the current study suggest that CCs and EOI coded from the CFI do not
reflect a noxious environment: rather, they appear to be more effect than cause.