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      Evidenzsynthesen in Public Health: ein Überblick Translated title: Evidence syntheses in public health: An overview

      research-article
      * , , , , , , ,
      Zeitschrift Fur Evidenz, Fortbildung Und Qualitat Im Gesundheitswesen
      Published by Elsevier GmbH.
      Evidenzsynthese, Public Health, Review-Methoden, Review-Typen, Rapid Review, Evidence synthesis, Public health, Review methods, Review types, Rapid Review, AMSTAR(-2), A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews, GRADE, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, ILO, Internationale Arbeitsorganisation, JBI, Joanna Briggs Institute, OSF, Open Science Framework, PCC, Population-Concept-Context, PICOS / PECOS, Population, Intervention/Exposition, Comparator, Outcome und Setting, PRECEPT, Project on a Framework for Rating Evidence in Public Health, PRISMA, Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, PROSPERO, Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, RKI, Robert Koch-Institut, RoB, Risk of Bias, ROBINS-I, Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies – of Interventions, ROBIS, A tool for assessing the risk of bias in systematic reviews, SANRA, Scale for the Quality Assessment of Narrative Review Articles, WHO, Weltgesundheitsorganisation

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          Abstract

          Hintergrund

          Seit Anfang der COVID-19-Pandemie zeigt sich ein hoher Bedarf an zügigen Evidenzzusammenstellungen zur Beantwortung dringender Public-Health-Fragen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene Review-Typen für Public-Health-relevante Fragestellungen sowie eine Synthese bestehender Empfehlungen zur Erstellung von Reviews. Ziel ist es, die Planung eines eigenen Reviews bzw. die kritische Beurteilung veröffentlichter Reviews zu unterstützen.

          Methode

          Die Basis bildete eine ausführliche Recherche zu Leitlinien und Empfehlungen für unterschiedliche Review-Typen. Des Weiteren wurden institutsinterne Journal Clubs zur Bedarfsermittlung und zur kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit den verschiedenen Review-Typen durchgeführt. Zur Dissemination der Ergebnisse wurden für die einzelnen Review-Typen Fact Sheets mit den wichtigsten Informationen, Voraussetzungen und Arbeitsschritten sowie ein Entscheidungsbaum zur Identifizierung des für die jeweilige Fragestellung geeigneten Review-Typs entwickelt.

          Ergebnisse

          Von den identifizierten Review-Typen wurden Systematic, Rapid, Scoping, Umbrella und Narrative Reviews näher betrachtet, weil sie für Fragestellungen im Public-Health-Bereich besonders relevant sind. Zusammen mit Scoping und Umbrella Reviews weisen Systematic Reviews aufgrund der Anforderungen an eine umfangreiche, systematische Evidenzsynthese und Reproduzierbarkeit den höchsten Ressourcenbedarf auf. Rapid-Methoden können den Review-Prozess beschleunigen, beispielsweise durch eine sehr eng formulierte Fragestellung, eine eingeschränkte Literatursuche oder die Durchführung bestimmter Schritte durch eine anstatt zwei Personen.

          Diskussion

          Systematic Reviews können als „Goldstandard“ angesehen werden, wurden jedoch in erster Linie für klinische Fragestellungen zu Interventionen entwickelt. Dagegen wurde in diesem Artikel der Fokus auf Review-Typen gelegt, die die Vielfalt der Fragestellungen sowie die vorwiegende Verwendung quantitativer Methoden im Public-Health-Bereich berücksichtigen. Die entwickelten Fact Sheets sowie der Entscheidungsbaum sollen einen niedrigschwelligen Zugang zu Reviews ermöglichen und dabei Perspektiven der Forschung und Ressourcenplanung verknüpfen. Sie ergänzen bestehende Leitlinien und Empfehlungen.

          Schlussfolgerung

          Für Reviews im Public-Health-Kontext stehen hinsichtlich der Vielfalt an Fragestellungen verschiedene Review-Typen inklusive ihrer unterschiedlichen Anforderungen und Abläufe zur Verfügung. Angesichts dieser Vielfalt kann eine systematische Einführung für Forschende, die ein Review planen oder beurteilen, hilfreich sein.

          Translated abstract

          Background

          Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a high demand for rapid evidence syntheses to answer urgent public health questions. This article provides an overview of different types of reviews for public health questions and a synthesis of existing recommendations for the preparation of reviews. The aim is to support the planning of one's own review and the critical evaluation of published reviews.

          Methods

          The basis of this summary is an extensive search for guidelines and recommendations for different review types. Furthermore, internal journal clubs were held to determine knowledge needs and to critically discuss the various review types. For results dissemination, fact sheets were developed for the individual review types including the most important information, prerequisites and work steps, as well as a decision tree for identifying the appropriate review type for the respective question.

          Results

          Of the review types identified, Systematic, Rapid, Scoping, Umbrella, and Narrative Reviews were considered in more detail because they are particularly relevant to public health issues. Together with scoping and umbrella reviews, systematic reviews have the highest resource requirements due to the demands for extensive, systematic evidence synthesis and reproducibility. Rapid methods can accelerate the review process, for example by a very narrowly formulated question, a limited literature search, or the execution of certain steps by one instead of two persons.

          Discussion

          Systematic Reviews may be considered as the gold standard, but they were developed primarily for clinical questions relating to interventions. Instead, this article was focused on review types that consider the diversity of questions as well as the predominant use of quantitative methods in the field of public health. The fact sheets developed and the decision tree should enable low-threshold access to reviews while linking the perspectives of research and resource planning. They complement existing guidelines and recommendations.

          Conclusion

          To answer the diverse spectrum of public health questions, various types of reviews with various requirements and approaches are available. Given this diversity, a systematic introduction can be helpful for researchers planning or assessing a review.

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          Most cited references56

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          PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation

          Scoping reviews, a type of knowledge synthesis, follow a systematic approach to map evidence on a topic and identify main concepts, theories, sources, and knowledge gaps. Although more scoping reviews are being done, their methodological and reporting quality need improvement. This document presents the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist and explanation. The checklist was developed by a 24-member expert panel and 2 research leads following published guidance from the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network. The final checklist contains 20 essential reporting items and 2 optional items. The authors provide a rationale and an example of good reporting for each item. The intent of the PRISMA-ScR is to help readers (including researchers, publishers, commissioners, policymakers, health care providers, guideline developers, and patients or consumers) develop a greater understanding of relevant terminology, core concepts, and key items to report for scoping reviews.
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            Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework

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              Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes
                Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes
                Zeitschrift Fur Evidenz, Fortbildung Und Qualitat Im Gesundheitswesen
                Published by Elsevier GmbH.
                1865-9217
                2212-0289
                3 November 2022
                3 November 2022
                Affiliations
                Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
                Author notes
                [* ]Korrespondenzadresse: Benjamin Barnes. Robert Koch-Institut, Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Deutschland.
                Article
                S1865-9217(22)00170-2
                10.1016/j.zefq.2022.09.003
                9630138
                5c37ecb6-f3af-4faa-9572-da4e82fc9ba0
                © 2022 Published by Elsevier GmbH.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 16 May 2022
                : 11 August 2022
                : 7 September 2022
                Categories
                Evidenz in der Gesundheitsversorgung / Evidence Health Care

                evidenzsynthese,public health,review-methoden,review-typen,rapid review,evidence synthesis,review methods,review types,amstar(-2), a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews,grade, grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation,ilo, internationale arbeitsorganisation,jbi, joanna briggs institute,osf, open science framework,pcc, population-concept-context,picos / pecos, population, intervention/exposition, comparator, outcome und setting,precept, project on a framework for rating evidence in public health,prisma, preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses,prospero, prospective register of systematic reviews,rki, robert koch-institut,rob, risk of bias,robins-i, risk of bias in non-randomised studies – of interventions,robis, a tool for assessing the risk of bias in systematic reviews,sanra, scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles,who, weltgesundheitsorganisation

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