Biogas Production Systems and Upgrading Technologies: A Review

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SUMMARY

The underutilized biomass and different organic waste streams are nowadays in the focus of research for renewable energy production due to the effusive use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emission. In addition, one of the major environmental problems is also a constant increase of the number of organic waste streams. In a lot of countries, sustainable waste management, including waste prevention and reduction, has become a priority as a means to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emission. Application of biogas technology is one of the promising methods to provide solutions for both actual energy-related and environmental problems. This review aims to present conventional and novel biogas production systems, as well as purification and upgrading technologies, nowadays applicable on a large scale, with a special focus on the CO ₂ and H ₂S removal. It also gives an overview of feedstock and the parameters important for biogas production, together with digestate utilization and application of molecular biology in order to improve the biogas production.

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Twenty-five years of quantitative PCR for gene expression analysis.

Heather D VanGuilder, Kent E. Vrana, Willard M. Freeman (2008)

Following its invention 25 years ago, PCR has been adapted for numerous molecular biology applications. Gene expression analysis by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has been a key enabling technology of the post-genome era. Since the founding of BioTechniques, this journal has been a resource for the improvements in qPCR technology, experimental design, and data analysis. qPCR and, more specifically, real-time qPCR has become a routine and robust approach for measuring the expression of genes of interest, validating microarray experiments, and monitoring biomarkers. The use of real-time qPCR has nearly supplanted other approaches (e.g., Northern blotting, RNase protection assays). This review examines the current state of qPCR for gene expression analysis now that the method has reached a mature stage of development and implementation. Specifically, the different fluorescent reporter technologies of real-time qPCR are discussed as well as the selection of endogenous controls. The conceptual framework for data analysis methods is also presented to demystify these analysis techniques. The future of qPCR remains bright as the technology becomes more rapid, cost-effective, easier to use, and capable of higher throughput.

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Metabolic, phylogenetic, and ecological diversity of the methanogenic archaea.

Yuchen Liu, William Whitman (2008)

Although of limited metabolic diversity, methanogenic archaea or methanogens possess great phylogenetic and ecological diversity. Only three types of methanogenic pathways are known: CO(2)-reduction, methyl-group reduction, and the aceticlastic reaction. Cultured methanogens are grouped into five orders based upon their phylogeny and phenotypic properties. In addition, uncultured methanogens that may represent new orders are present in many environments. The ecology of methanogens highlights their complex interactions with other anaerobes and the physical and chemical factors controlling their function.

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Biogas upgrading and utilization: Current status and perspectives.

Laura Treu, Panagiotis Tsapekos, Gang Luo … (2018)

Biogas production is an established sustainable process for simultaneous generation of renewable energy and treatment of organic wastes. The increasing interest of utilizing biogas as substitute to natural gas or its exploitation as transport fuel opened new avenues in the development of biogas upgrading techniques. The present work is a critical review that summarizes state-of-the-art technologies for biogas upgrading and enhancement with particular attention to the emerging biological methanation processes. The review includes comprehensive description of the main principles of various biogas upgrading methodologies, scientific and technical outcomes related to their biomethanation efficiency, challenges that have to be addressed for further development and incentives and feasibility of the upgrading concepts.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Food Technol Biotechnol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Food Technol Biotechnol

Journal ID (publisher-id): FTB

Title: Food Technology and Biotechnology

Publisher: University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology

ISSN (Print): 1330-9862

ISSN (Electronic): 1334-2606

Publication date (Print and electronic): December 2021

Publication date (Print): December 2021

Volume: 59

Issue: 4

Pages: 387-412

Affiliations

[1 ]deptUniversity of Zagreb , Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology , Pierottijeva 6, HR - 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

[2 ]deptBelarussian National Technical University , Mining Engineering and Engineering Ecology Faculty , Nezavisimosti Ave. 65, BY -220013 Minsk, Belarus

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author: Phone: +38514605290, Fax: +38514836424, E-mail: bsantek@ 123456pbf.hr

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTION

All authors participated in the processing/interpreting data, preparation of manuscript, writing/revising the manuscript. They read and approved the final manuscript version for publication.

Author information

Martina Andlar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-7921

Halina Belskaya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4351-8825

Galina Morzak https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2638-8157

Mirela Ivančić Šantek https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5935-6672

Tonči Rezić https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-5202

Vlatka Petravić Tominac https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-5702

Božidar Šantek https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-534X

Article

Publisher ID: FTB-59-387

DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.04.21.7300

PMC ID: 8753803

SO-VID: 5e40122c-717e-44d8-95d7-2a88c04b922b

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Biogas Production Systems and Upgrading Technologies: A Review

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SDG: 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

Most cited references 147

Twenty-five years of quantitative PCR for gene expression analysis.

Metabolic, phylogenetic, and ecological diversity of the methanogenic archaea.

Biogas upgrading and utilization: Current status and perspectives.

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