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      Functional investigation of the class II tumor suppressor gene H-REV107-1

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          Abstract

          Das Klasse II Tumorsuppressor-Gen H-REV107-1, ist in normalen Geweben ubiquitär exprimiert, zeigt jedoch häufig Expressionsverluste, vorzugsweise in Tumoren des Brustgewebes, des Ovars und der Lunge. Das H-REV107-1 Protein wirkt in vitro und in vivo als Wachstumssuppressor. Um den Mechanismus der H-REV107-1 bedingten Wachstumshemmung zu verstehen, haben wir mit Hilfe des LexA-basierten Hefe-2-Hybrid Systems interagierende Proteine identifiziert. Diese Suche wurde mit einem H-REV107-1 Deletionskonstrukt durchgeführt, dem die Membran-bindende Domäne fehlte. Diese Analyse lieferte eine Vielzahl von potentiellen Interaktionspartnern, darunter der Retinsäure Rezeptor RARG, das Calcium-bindende Proteine S100A6, der Translations-Elongationsfaktor ETF und das weitgehend unbekannte Protein p14.5 Die Bindungen des H-REV107-1 Proteins an die beiden potentiellen Kandidaten, den Transkriptionsfactor PC4 und die regulatorische Untereinheit der Protein Phosphatase 2A (PR65), wurden genauer untersucht. Wir haben dabei einen Proteinkomplex aus H-REV107-1, PC4 und STAT1 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1) identifiziert, der vermutlich eine Rolle in der IFNgamma - abhängigen Wachstumshemmung in Ovarialkarzinom Zellen spielt. Da sich die Expression des H-REV107-1 Gens durch IFNgamma über den Transkriptionsfaktor IRF-1 stimulieren läßt, und in verschiedenen Zelllinien sowohl zur Hemmung des Wachstums, als auch zur Apoptose führt, vermuteten wir verschiedene Mechanismen der Wachstumshemmung durch den IFNgamma-Signalweg und H-REV107-1. Weitere Analysen der H-REV107-1 - vermittelten Apoptose zeigten, daß die Interaktion zwischen H-REV107-1 und PR65 eine wichtige Rolle in diesem Prozeß spielt. Um die Proteindomäne zu identifizieren, welche für die direkte Wechselwirkung von H-REV107-1 mit PR65 verantwortlich ist, wurden H-REV107-1 Mutanten generiert und mittels Co-Immunpräzipitation getestet. Die Prolin-reiche Sequenz am N-Terminus des H-REV107-1 Proteins konnte als verantwortliche Domäne für die Interaktion bestimmt werden. Die funktionelle Analyse dieser Interaktion zeigte die Hemmung der Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Aktivität in Ovarialkarzinom Zellen durch H-REV107-1. Der Einsatz der Mutanten im Phosphatase-Aktivitätstest zeigte, daß die selbe Domäne, die die Interaktion vermittelt, auch für die Hemmung der Phosphatase 2A verantwortlich ist. Diese Fakten deuteten auf eine wichtige Rolle der Phosphatase 2A in Ovarialkarzinom Zellen hin, weil sowohl die Verwendung des PP2A Inhibitors (Okadainsäure), als auch die Transfektion der Zellen mit einem H-REV107-1 - Expressionsplasmid zur Apoptose führten. Damit konnten wir zeigen, daß PP2A für das Überleben der Ovarialkarzinomzellen notwendig ist, und die Reaktivierung des H-REV107-1 Proteins durch IFNgamma zur Hemmung der Phosphatase und damit zur Apoptose führt.

          Abstract

          The H-REV107-1 class II tumor suppressor gene is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues and down-regulated in human breast, ovarian and lung tumours. H-REV107-1 has the capacity to suppress growth of tumour cells in vitro and in vivo. To understand the mechanism of H-REV107-1 mediated growth suppression I performed a search for H-REV107-1 interacting proteins using a LexA-based yeast two-hybrid system. I screened a human kidney cDNA library with a truncated form of the H-REV107-1 as a bait. This analysis revealed numerous potential interaction partners. Among them the retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARG), the calcium-binding protein S100A6, the translation termination factor ETF1, and the potential translational inhibitor protein P14.5. The interaction of H-REV107-1 with the transcriptional co-activator PC4 and with the regulatory subunit A of protein phosphatase 2A (PR65) was analysed in detail. H-REV107-1 binds ectopically expressed and endogenous PC4. In addition, a multiprotein complex between H-REV107-1, PC4 and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was demonstrated. This complex is likely to be involved in IFNgamma-mediated growth suppression of ovarian carcinoma cells. Endogenous H-REV107-1 can be induced after application of IFNgamma through the IRF-1 transcription factor. This up-regulation of H-REV107-1 leads either to growth suppression via a G1 arrest or to apoptosis depending on the cell line, suggesting different mechanisms of IFNgamma-, and H-REV107-1- mediated growth suppression. Further investigation of the mechanism of H-REV107-1-dependent apoptosis revealed an important role of the interaction between H-REV107-1 and the PR65 protein. The use of several H-REV107-1 mutant proteins generated after disruption of the highly conserved domains identified the proline-rich N-terminal domain responsible for the interaction with PR65 in Co-immunoprecipitation studies. Functional investigation of the H-REV107-1 - PR65 interaction demonstrated that wild-type H-REV107-1 is able to inhibit PP2A activity, however a mutant protein lacking the N-terminal domain was devoid of this function. We sought to identify the functional relevance of the PP2A activity in ovarian carcinoma cells with normally have suppressed the H-REV107-1 gene. Treatment of OVCAR-3 cells with the PP2A inhibitor Okadaic acid and transient transfection of the cells with wild-type H-REV107-1 resulted in the activation of caspase-9, suggesting a role for PP2A in the survival of ovarian carcinoma cells. We suggest, that the down-regulation of H-REV107-1 in ovarian carcinomas is a prerequisite for the PP2A-dependent activation of yet unknown signalling pathways mediating tumour cell survival. Reactivation of H-REV107-1 gene expression via IFNgamma leads to the inhibition of PP2A activity and tumour cell death.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, Humboldt-Universität (kvv )
                16 September 2003
                12 April 2005
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I
                Article
                oai:HUBerlin.de:10662
                5e7a3667-d9ed-4959-9ac2-af16afa41ac4
                History

                H-REV107-1,PP2A,IFNgamma,Tumor Suppressor,Biowissenschaften, Biologie,XH 1800,XH 1700,Biologie,Apoptose,Tumorsuppressor,Apoptosis

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