Transplantation of the Uterus in the Male Rat

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Abstract

Background.

Uterus transplantation (UTx) is one of the potential methods to cure absolute uterine factor infertility of transgender. However, this mostly comes with many technological challenges.

Methods.

Left inguinal UTx was performed in 13 castrated male rats. End-to-end anastomosis of donor common iliac vessels to recipient femoral vessels was used for transsexual UTx. Sampling was performed on day 30 after transplantation. Grafts were used to analyze the histological changes. TUNEL assay was applied to stain the apoptotic cells. Immunological rejection was judged by flow cytometry.

Results.

Six uteri, 4 ovaries, and 4 upper vaginas were found at day 30 posttransplantation. Similar histological changes to proestrus, estrus, and diestrus of female rats were examined in the transplanted uteri. The histological changes of transplanted vaginas showed similarity to proestrus, estrus, and metestrus of the female rats. Follicles of different stages and corpus luteum with distinct morphological appearances were also observed. The TUNEL assay revealed a higher apoptosis of granulosa cells in transplanted ovaries compared with normal ovaries.

Conclusions.

A rat model of transsexual unilateral inguinal uterine transplantation in castrated rats was established, which will provide a reference for bilateral transsexual UTx in animals and genetically 46 XY individuals who wish to become real women through transsexual UTx.

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Most cited references 28

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Burden of adhesions in abdominal and pelvic surgery: systematic review and met-analysis

Richard P G ten Broek, Yama Issa, Evert van Santbrink … (2013)

Objective To estimate the disease burden of the most important complications of postoperative abdominal adhesions: small bowel obstruction, difficulties at reoperation, infertility, and chronic pain. Design Systematic review and meta-analyses. Data sources Searches of PubMed, Embase, and Central, from January 1990 to December 2012, without restrictions to publication status or language. Study selection All types of studies reporting on the incidence of adhesion related complications were considered. Data extraction and analysis The primary outcome was the incidence of adhesive small bowel obstruction in patients with a history of abdominal surgery. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of small bowel obstruction by any cause, difference in operative time, enterotomy during adhesiolysis, and pregnancy rate after abdominal surgery. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were done to study the robustness of the results. A random effects model was used to account for heterogeneity between studies. Results We identified 196 eligible papers. Heterogeneity was considerable for almost all meta-analyses. The origin of heterogeneity could not be explained by study design, study quality, publication date, anatomical site of operation, or operative technique. The incidence of small bowel obstruction by any cause after abdominal surgery was 9% (95% confidence interval 7% to 10%; I2=99%). the incidence of adhesive small bowel obstruction was 2% (2% to 3%; I2=93%); presence of adhesions was generally confirmed by emergent reoperation. In patients with a known cause of small bowel obstruction, adhesions were the single most common cause (56%, 49% to 64%; I2=96%). Operative time was prolonged by 15 minutes (95% confidence interval 9.3 to 21.1 minutes; I2=85%) in patients with previous surgery. Use of adhesiolysis resulted in a 6% (4% to 8%; I2=89%) incidence of iatrogenic bowel injury. The pregnancy rate after colorectal surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease was 50% (37% to 63%; I2=94%), which was significantly lower than the pregnancy rate in medically treated patients (82%, 70% to 94%; I2=97%). Conclusions This review provides detailed and systematically analysed knowledge of the disease burden of adhesions. Complications of postoperative adhesion formation are frequent, have a large negative effect on patients’ health, and increase workload in clinical practice. The quantitative effects should be interpreted with caution owing to large heterogeneity. Registration The review protocol was registered through PROSPERO (CRD42012003180).

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The female rat reproductive cycle: a practical histological guide to staging.

F R Westwood (2008)

During preclinical investigations into the safety of drugs and chemicals, many are found to interfere with reproductive function in the female rat. This interference is commonly expressed as a change in normal morphology of the reproductive tract or a disturbance in the duration of particular phases of the estrous cycle. Such alterations can be recognized only if the pathologist has knowledge of the continuously changing histological appearance of the various components of the reproductive tract during the cycle and can accurately and consistently ascribe an individual tract to a particular phase of the cycle. Unfortunately, although comprehensive reports illustrating the normal appearance of the tract during the rat estrous cycle have been available over many years, they are generally somewhat ambiguous about distinct criteria for defining the end of one stage and the beginning of another. This detail is absolutely essential to achieve a consistent approach to staging the cycle. For the toxicologic pathologist, this report illustrates a pragmatic and practical approach to staging the estrous cycle in the rat based on personal experience and a review of the literature from the last century.

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The Imperative for Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Inclusion

Heidi Moseson, Noah Zazanis, Eli Goldberg … (2020)

We describe barriers to clinical care and research participation unique to transgender and gender nonbinary people and offer concrete suggestions for creating more inclusive environments.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Transplantation

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Transplantation

Journal ID (publisher-id): TPA

Title: Transplantation

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (Hagerstown, MD )

ISSN (Print): 0041-1337

ISSN (Electronic): 1534-6080

Publication date (Electronic): 01 May 2023

Publication date (Print): October 2023

Volume: 107

Issue: 10

Pages: 2168-2178

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China.

[2 ] Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China.

Author notes

Correspondence: Zhou Yu, MD, PhD, Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Rd, Xi’an Shaanxi Province, 710032, China ( yz20080512@ 123456163.com ); or Baoqiang Song, MD, PhD, Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Rd, Xi’an Shaanxi Province, 710032, China. ( Songbq2012@ 123456163.com ).

Article

Accession ID: 00016

DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000004599

PMC ID: 10519299

PubMed ID: 37122083

SO-VID: 6049ec53-e8e4-48b5-aa22-2d212b0908d8

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

History

Date received : 15 June 2022

Date revision received : 19 January 2023

Date accepted : 22 January 2023

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Transplantation of the Uterus in the Male Rat

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Abstract

Background.

Methods.

Results.

Conclusions.

Related collections

Animal models of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

Most cited references 28

Burden of adhesions in abdominal and pelvic surgery: systematic review and met-analysis

The female rat reproductive cycle: a practical histological guide to staging.

The Imperative for Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Inclusion

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