Enhanced hyperthermic properties of biocompatible zinc ferrite nanoparticles with a charged polysaccharide coating

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Abstract

Zinc doping of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with an ionic derivative of chitosan significantly improves their properties for magnetic hyperthermia.

Abstract

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles doped with zinc and modified with a cationic derivative of chitosan (SPION-Zn-CCh(+)) that exhibited enhanced activity in magnetic hyperthermia were synthesized and characterized structurally, magnetically, and biologically. The optimum zinc content and the polymer coating were found to be important to maximize the hyperthermic effect in the obtained nanoferrites, which effectively worked at concentrations as low as 0.55 mg Fe per mL. The average core diameter was found to be ca. 10 nm as revealed by SAXS and TEM measurements, while the formed small aggregates of the polymer coated nanoparticles reached a size of ca. 200 nm. The nanoferrite structure was further obtained using Mössbauer spectroscopy and XANES revealing the maximum Zn doping. The much higher ( ca. 60%) intrinsic loss power determined for SPION-Zn-CCh(+) as compared to the native iron oxide nanoparticles, together with the long term (12 months) stability of their dispersion and biocompatibility, makes these nanoferrites very promising materials for magnetic hyperthermia therapy. The proposed synthetic method employing a cationic polysaccharide opens up also new opportunities for the formation of other metal ferrites with composition and structure previously unobtainable and potentially superior e.g. magnetic properties.

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Heating magnetic fluid with alternating magnetic field

R.E. Rosensweig (2002)

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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: magnetic nanoplatforms as drug carriers

Wahajuddin, Sumit Arora (2012)

A targeted drug delivery system is the need of the hour. Guiding magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with the help of an external magnetic field to its target is the principle behind the development of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as novel drug delivery vehicles. SPIONs are small synthetic γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite) or Fe3O4 (magnetite) particles with a core ranging between 10 nm and 100 nm in diameter. These magnetic particles are coated with certain biocompatible polymers, such as dextran or polyethylene glycol, which provide chemical handles for the conjugation of therapeutic agents and also improve their blood distribution profile. The current research on SPIONs is opening up wide horizons for their use as diagnostic agents in magnetic resonance imaging as well as for drug delivery vehicles. Delivery of anticancer drugs by coupling with functionalized SPIONs to their targeted site is one of the most pursued areas of research in the development of cancer treatment strategies. SPIONs have also demonstrated their efficiency as nonviral gene vectors that facilitate the introduction of plasmids into the nucleus at rates multifold those of routinely available standard technologies. SPION-induced hyperthermia has also been utilized for localized killing of cancerous cells. Despite their potential biomedical application, alteration in gene expression profiles, disturbance in iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and altered cellular responses are some SPION-related toxicological aspects which require due consideration. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of SPIONs with regard to their method of preparation, their utility as drug delivery vehicles, and some concerns which need to be resolved before they can be moved from bench top to bedside.

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Synthesis, characterization, applications, and challenges of iron oxide nanoparticles

Attarad Ali, Hira Zafar, Muhammad Zia … (2016)

Recently, iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted much consideration due to their unique properties, such as superparamagnetism, surface-to-volume ratio, greater surface area, and easy separation methodology. Various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been adopted to synthesize magnetic NPs with suitable surface chemistry. This review summarizes the methods for the preparation of iron oxide NPs, size and morphology control, and magnetic properties with recent bioengineering, commercial, and industrial applications. Iron oxides exhibit great potential in the fields of life sciences such as biomedicine, agriculture, and environment. Nontoxic conduct and biocompatible applications of magnetic NPs can be enriched further by special surface coating with organic or inorganic molecules, including surfactants, drugs, proteins, starches, enzymes, antibodies, nucleotides, nonionic detergents, and polyelectrolytes. Magnetic NPs can also be directed to an organ, tissue, or tumor using an external magnetic field for hyperthermic treatment of patients. Keeping in mind the current interest in iron NPs, this review is designed to report recent information from synthesis to characterization, and applications of iron NPs.