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      Anderson transition of cold atoms with synthetic spin-orbit coupling in two-dimensional speckle potentials

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          Abstract

          We investigate the metal-insulator transition occurring in two dimensional (2D) systems of non- interacting atoms in the presence of artificial spin-orbit interactions and a spatially correlated dis- order generated by laser speckles. Based on a high order discretization scheme, we calculate the precise position of the mobility edge and show that the critical exponent agrees well with the one expected for the symplectic universality class. Approaching equal values of the Rashba and Dres- selhaus couplings, the mobility edge diverges, signaling the crossing to the orthogonal class, where such a 2D transition is forbidden.

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          Anderson localization of a non-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate

          G Roati, C D'Errico, L. Fallani … (2008)
          One of the most intriguing phenomena in physics is the localization of waves in disordered media. This phenomenon was originally predicted by Anderson, fifty years ago, in the context of transport of electrons in crystals. Anderson localization is actually a much more general phenomenon, and it has been observed in a large variety of systems, including light waves. However, it has never been observed directly for matter waves. Ultracold atoms open a new scenario for the study of disorder-induced localization, due to high degree of control of most of the system parameters, including interaction. Here we employ for the first time a noninteracting Bose-Einstein condensate to study Anderson localization. The experiment is performed with a onedimensional quasi-periodic lattice, a system which features a crossover between extended and exponentially localized states as in the case of purely random disorder in higher dimensions. Localization is clearly demonstrated by investigating transport properties, spatial and momentum distributions. We characterize the crossover, finding that the critical disorder strength scales with the tunnelling energy of the atoms in the lattice. Since the interaction in the condensate can be controlled at will, this system might be employed to solve open questions on the interplay of disorder and interaction and to explore exotic quantum phases.
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            Spin-orbit coupling in quantum gases

            Victor Galitski, Ian B. Spielman (2013)
            Spin-orbit coupling links a particle's velocity to its quantum mechanical spin, and is essential in numerous condensed matter phenomena, including topological insulators and Majorana fermions. In solid-state materials, spin-orbit coupling originates from the movement of electrons in a crystal's intrinsic electric field, which is uniquely prescribed. In contrast, for ultracold atomic systems, the engineered "material parameters" are tuneable: a variety of synthetic spin-orbit couplings can be engineered on demand using laser fields. Here we outline the current experimental and theoretical status of spin-orbit coupling in ultracold atomic systems, discussing unique features that enable physics impossible in any other known setting.
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              Emergence of the persistent spin helix in semiconductor quantum wells

              Joe Orenstein, Jake D. Koralek, Chris Weber … (2009)
              According to Noethers theorem, for every symmetry in nature there is a corresponding conservation law. For example, invariance with respect to spatial translation corresponds to conservation of momentum. In another well-known example, invariance with respect to rotation of the electrons spin, or SU(2) symmetry, leads to conservation of spin polarization. For electrons in a solid, this symmetry is ordinarily broken by spin-orbit coupling, allowing spin angular momentum to flow to orbital angular momentum. However, it has recently been predicted that SU(2) can be achieved in a two-dimensional electron gas, despite the presence of spin-orbit coupling. The corresponding conserved quantities include the amplitude and phase of a helical spin density wave termed the persistent spin helix. SU(2) is realized, in principle, when the strength of two dominant spin-orbit interactions, the Rashba (strength parameterized by \alpha) and linear Dresselhaus (\beta_1), are equal. This symmetry is predicted to be robust against all forms of spin-independent scattering, including electron-electron interactions, but is broken by the cubic Dresselhaus term (\beta_3) and spin-dependent scattering. When these terms are negligible, the distance over which spin information can propagate is predicted to diverge as \alpha approaches \beta_1. Here we observe experimentally the emergence of the persistent spin helix in GaAs quantum wells by independently tuning \alpha and \beta_1. Using transient spin-grating spectroscopy, we find a spin-lifetime enhancement of two orders of magnitude near the symmetry point.........
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                Author and article information

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                Publication date Created: 2016-07-27
                Article
                ArXiV ID: 1607.08164
                SO-VID: 635f0d31-9c60-4ff8-9c1d-ec8ab5a14e90
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                http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

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                Comments 5 pages, 3 figures
                Categories cond-mat.quant-gas cond-mat.dis-nn

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Quantum gases & Cold atoms,Theoretical physics
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Quantum gases & Cold atoms, Theoretical physics

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