The performance of the KIBB-g1 tabletop Kibble balance at NIST

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Abstract

A tabletop-sized Kibble balance (KIBB-g1) designed to directly realize mass at the gram-level range with uncertainties on the order of parts in 10 ⁶ has been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The masses of a nominally 5 g and 1 g weight were determined with standard uncertainties of 9.0 g and 6.7 g, respectively. The corresponding relative uncertainties are and . The construction of the instrument, capabilities, and full uncertainty budgets are presented in this manuscript.

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Invited Article: A precise instrument to determine the Planck constant, and the future kilogram

D Haddad, F. Seifert, L S Chao … (2016)

A precise instrument, called a watt balance, compares mechanical power measured in terms of the meter, the second, and the kilogram to electrical power measured in terms of the volt and the ohm. A direct link between mechanical action and the Planck constant is established by the practical realization of the electrical units derived from the Josephson and the quantum Hall effects. We describe in this paper the fourth-generation watt balance at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and report our initial determination of the Planck constant obtained from data taken in late 2015 and the beginning of 2016. A comprehensive analysis of the data and the associated uncertainties led to the SI value of the Planck constant, h = 6.626 069 83(22) × 10−34 J s. The relative standard uncertainty associated with this result is 34 × 10−9.

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The Kilogram and Measurements of Mass and Force

Z. Jabbour, S. L. Yaniv (2001)

This paper describes the facilities, measurement capabilities, and ongoing research activities in the areas of mass and force at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The first section of the paper is devoted to mass metrology and starts with a brief historical perspective on the developments that led to the current definition of the kilogram. An overview of mass measurement procedures is given with a brief discussion of current research on alternative materials for mass standards and surface profiles of the U.S. national prototype kilograms. A brief outlook into the future possible redefinition of the unit of mass based on fundamental principles is included. The second part of this paper focuses on the unit of force and describes the realization of the unit, measurement procedures, uncertainty in the realized force, facilities, and current efforts aimed at the realization of small forces.