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      Identification of nuclear phosphoproteins as novel tobacco markers in mouse lung tissue following short-term exposure to tobacco smoke

      research-article
      a , * , a , b , a , a , a , a , a , a ,   a , b , c , a , *
      FEBS Open Bio
      Elsevier
      COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, FACTp140, FACT complex subunit SPT16, K18, keratin type 1 cytoskeletal 18, AFABP, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, OSF3, peroxiredoxin-1, SPTBN1, spectrin β chain brain 1, STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription, IL, interleukin, K8, keratin type 2 cytoskeletal 8, PRP19, pre-mRNA-processing factor 19, CRP1, cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1, Jak2, tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2, pSTAT3-Tyr705, phosphorylated STAT3, TIM, mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim9, HIP1, Huntingtin-interacting protein 1, 60s-RP, 60s ribosomal protein L10E, TNF, tumor necrosis factor, ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial, PRP19, pre-mRNA-processing factor 19, ROS, reactive oxygen species, TNFR2, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, JNK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, ERK(1/2), extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B, PKC-α, protein kinase C-α, p100, serine protease P100, MAPK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3, TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-β, TRAP1, heat shock protein 75 kDa, LIM, LIM/homeobox protein, Tobacco smoke exposure, Nuclear phosphoprotein, Phosphoproteomic analysis, Signaling pathways

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          Graphical abstract

          Highlights

          • We analyzed nuclear phosphoprotein expression activated by tobacco smoke exposure.

          • 253 phosphoproteins were identified in 1-day and 7-day exposure groups.

          • Of these, 33 were significantly differentially expressed in control and exposed groups.

          • Identified proteins were related to inflammation, response to stress and nicotine.

          • OSF3 and spectrin β chain were identified as candidate tobacco smoke markers.

          Abstract

          Smoking is a risk factor for lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the progression of these diseases remain unclear. Therefore, we sought to identify signaling pathways activated by tobacco-smoke exposure, by analyzing nuclear phosphoprotein expression using phosphoproteomic analysis of lung tissue from mice exposed to tobacco smoke. Sixteen mice were exposed to tobacco smoke for 1 or 7 days, and the expression of phosphorylated peptides was analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 253 phosphoproteins were identified, including FACT complex subunit SPT16 in the 1-day exposure group, keratin type 1 cytoskeletal 18 (K18), and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, in the 7-day exposure group, and peroxiredoxin-1 (OSF3) and spectrin β chain brain 1 (SPTBN1), in both groups. Semi-quantitative analysis of the identified phosphoproteins revealed that 33 proteins were significantly differentially expressed between the control and exposed groups. The identified phosphoproteins were classified according to their biological functions. We found that the identified proteins were related to inflammation, regeneration, repair, proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and response to stress and nicotine. In conclusion, we identified proteins, including OSF3 and SPTBN1, as candidate tobacco smoke-exposure markers; our results provide insights into the mechanisms of tobacco smoke-induced diseases.

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          Most cited references56

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          Induction of apoptosis by ASK1, a mammalian MAPKKK that activates SAPK/JNK and p38 signaling pathways.

          Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades are activated in response to various extracellular stimuli, including growth factors and environmental stresses. A MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), termed ASK1, was identified that activated two different subgroups of MAP kinase kinases (MAPKK), SEK1 (or MKK4) and MKK3/MAPKK6 (or MKK6), which in turn activated stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK, also known as JNK; c-Jun amino-terminal kinase) and p38 subgroups of MAP kinases, respectively. Overexpression of ASK1 induced apoptotic cell death, and ASK1 was activated in cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Moreover, TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis was inhibited by a catalytically inactive form of ASK1. ASK1 may be a key element in the mechanism of stress- and cytokine-induced apoptosis.
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            Structure, mechanism and regulation of peroxiredoxins.

            Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous family of antioxidant enzymes that also control cytokine-induced peroxide levels which mediate signal transduction in mammalian cells. Prxs can be regulated by changes to phosphorylation, redox and possibly oligomerization states. Prxs are divided into three classes: typical 2-Cys Prxs; atypical 2-Cys Prxs; and 1-Cys Prxs. All Prxs share the same basic catalytic mechanism, in which an active-site cysteine (the peroxidatic cysteine) is oxidized to a sulfenic acid by the peroxide substrate. The recycling of the sulfenic acid back to a thiol is what distinguishes the three enzyme classes. Using crystal structures, a detailed catalytic cycle has been derived for typical 2-Cys Prxs, including a model for the redox-regulated oligomeric state proposed to control enzyme activity.
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              Multifaceted mechanisms in COPD: inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair and destruction.

              Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality that is characterised by inexorable deterioration of small airways obstruction with emphysema associated with cellular inflammation and structural remodelling. Other features include apoptosis as well as proliferation of cells, and both tissue repair and lack of tissue repair. Metalloprotease release, together with that of apoptotic factors, may underlie the emphysema, and, conversely, fibrosis of the small airways may be accounted for by the effects of growth factor activation. In advanced disease, influential factors include the development of autoimmunity, with activation of dendritic cells and T-helper cells of both type 1 and 2, and the senescence response. An inability of macrophages to ingest apoptosed cells and bacteria may exacerbate inflammatory responses. Systemic inflammation with concomitant cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome may reflect the effect of cigarette smoke on nonpulmonary cells. Corticosteroid resistance may be secondary to oxidative stress mechanisms, such as inactivation of histone deacetylases. The mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be heterogeneous, according to severity, and clinical phenotypes need to be correlated with cellular and pathological processes. Treatments may be targeted to patients with specific mechanisms.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                FEBS Open Bio
                FEBS Open Bio
                FEBS Open Bio
                Elsevier
                2211-5463
                23 August 2014
                23 August 2014
                2014
                : 4
                : 746-754
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
                [b ]AMR Incorporated, 2-13-18, Nakane, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0031, Japan
                [c ]Isotope Research Center, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding authors. Tel.: +81 96 373 5086; fax: +81 96 373 5087. nimokana7@ 123456gmail.com takaito@ 123456kumamoto-u.ac.jp
                Article
                S2211-5463(14)00076-X
                10.1016/j.fob.2014.08.002
                4208089
                25349779
                652aca6c-1ebe-4da8-80a8-76b4800992fc
                © 2014 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

                History
                : 4 April 2014
                : 19 August 2014
                : 19 August 2014
                Categories
                Article

                copd, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder,factp140, fact complex subunit spt16,k18, keratin type 1 cytoskeletal 18,afabp, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein,osf3, peroxiredoxin-1,sptbn1, spectrin β chain brain 1,stat, signal transducer and activator of transcription,il, interleukin,k8, keratin type 2 cytoskeletal 8,prp19, pre-mrna-processing factor 19,crp1, cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1,jak2, tyrosine-protein kinase jak2,pstat3-tyr705, phosphorylated stat3,tim, mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit tim9,hip1, huntingtin-interacting protein 1,60s-rp, 60s ribosomal protein l10e,tnf, tumor necrosis factor,aldh2, aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial,ros, reactive oxygen species,tnfr2, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2,jnk, c-jun nh2-terminal kinase,erk(1/2), extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2,nf-κb, nuclear factor-kappa b,pkc-α, protein kinase c-α,p100, serine protease p100,mapk3, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3,tgf-β, transforming growth factor-β,trap1, heat shock protein 75 kda,lim, lim/homeobox protein,tobacco smoke exposure,nuclear phosphoprotein,phosphoproteomic analysis,signaling pathways

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