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      Unlocking the power of synergy: High-intensity functional training and early time-restricted eating for transformative changes in body composition and cardiometabolic health in inactive women with obesity

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          Abstract

          Objective

          The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term effects of time-restricted eating (TRE), with or without high intensity functional training (HIFT), on body composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers among inactive women with obesity.

          Methods

          Sixty-four women (BMI = 35.03 ± 3.8 kg/m 2; age = 32.1 ± 10 years) were randomly allocated to either: (1) TRE (≤8-h daily eating window, with ad libitum energy intake) group; (2) HIFT (3 sessions/week) group; or (3) TRE combined with HIFT (TRE-HIFT) group. The interventions lasted 12 weeks with a pre-post measurement design. A HIFT session consists of 8 sets of multiple functional exercises with self-selected intensity (20 or 30s work/10s rest).

          Results

          TRE-HIFT showed a greater decrease of waist and hip circumferences and fat mass compared to TRE (p = 0.02, p = 0.02 and p<0.01; respectively) and HIFT (p = 0.012, p = 0.028 and p<0.001; respectively). Weight and BMI decreased in TRE-HIFT compared to HIFT group (p<0.001; for both). Fat-free mass was lower in TRE compared to both HIFT and TRE-HIFT groups (p<0.01 and p<0.001; respectively). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased in TRE-HIFT compared to both TRE (p<0.001, p<0.01, p = 0.015 and p<0.01; respectively) and HIFT (p<0.001, p = 0.02, p<0.01 and p<0.001; respectively) groups. Glucose level decreased in TRE-HIFT compared to HIFT (p<0.01). Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in both TRE-HIFT and HIFT groups compared to TRE group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02; respectively).

          Conclusion

          In inactive women with obesity, combining TRE with HIFT can be a good strategy to induce superior effects on body composition, lipid profile and glucose regulation compared with either diet or exercise intervention alone.

          Trial registration

          Clinical Trials Number: PACTR202301674821174.

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          Most cited references41

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          Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge.

          William T. Friedewald, Robert Levy, Donald Fredrickson (1972)
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            Use and abuse of HOMA modeling.

            T Wallace, J Levy, D. Matthews (2004)
            Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method for assessing beta-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) from basal (fasting) glucose and insulin or C-peptide concentrations. It has been reported in >500 publications, 20 times more frequently for the estimation of IR than beta-cell function. This article summarizes the physiological basis of HOMA, a structural model of steady-state insulin and glucose domains, constructed from physiological dose responses of glucose uptake and insulin production. Hepatic and peripheral glucose efflux and uptake were modeled to be dependent on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Decreases in beta-cell function were modeled by changing the beta-cell response to plasma glucose concentrations. The original HOMA model was described in 1985 with a formula for approximate estimation. The computer model is available but has not been as widely used as the approximation formulae. HOMA has been validated against a variety of physiological methods. We review the use and reporting of HOMA in the literature and give guidance on its appropriate use (e.g., cohort and epidemiological studies) and inappropriate use (e.g., measuring beta-cell function in isolation). The HOMA model compares favorably with other models and has the advantage of requiring only a single plasma sample assayed for insulin and glucose. In conclusion, the HOMA model has become a widely used clinical and epidemiological tool and, when used appropriately, it can yield valuable data. However, as with all models, the primary input data need to be robust, and the data need to be interpreted carefully.
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              Ten-Hour Time-Restricted Eating Reduces Weight, Blood Pressure, and Atherogenic Lipids in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

              Michael J. Wilkinson, Emily N.C. Manoogian, Adena Zadourian … (2019)
              In animal models, time-restricted feeding (TRF) can prevent and reverse aspects of metabolic diseases. Time-restricted eating (TRE) in human pilot studies reduces the risks of metabolic diseases in otherwise healthy individuals. However, patients with diagnosed metabolic syndrome often undergo pharmacotherapy, and it has never been tested whether TRE can act synergistically with pharmacotherapy in animal models or humans. In a single-arm, paired-sample trial, 19 participants with metabolic syndrome and a baseline mean daily eating window of ≥14 h, the majority of whom were on a statin and/or antihypertensive therapy, underwent 10 h of TRE (all dietary intake within a consistent self-selected 10 h window) for 12 weeks. We found this TRE intervention improves cardiometabolic health for patients with metabolic syndrome receiving standard medical care including high rates of statin and anti-hypertensive use. TRE is a potentially powerful lifestyle intervention that can be added to standard medical practice to treat metabolic syndrome. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Ranya Ameur: Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draft
                Rami Maaloul:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3501-5715
                Role: Formal analysisRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
                Sémah Tagougui: Role: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Fadoua Neffati: Role: ResourcesRole: Supervision
                Faten Hadj Kacem: Role: Resources
                Mohamed Fadhel Najjar:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4474-6264
                Role: ResourcesRole: Supervision
                Achraf Ammar:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-8053
                Role: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Omar Hammouda: Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Niels Wedderkopp: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Title: PLOS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 May 2024
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0301369
                Affiliations
                [1 ] High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
                [2 ] Research Laboratory of Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, LR20ES09, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
                [3 ] Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
                [4 ] Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
                [5 ] University of Lille, University of Artois, University of Littoral Côte, d’Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Multidisciplinary Research Unit, “Sport, Health and Society”, Lille, France
                [6 ] Biochemistry Laboratory, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
                [7 ] Endocrinology Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
                [8 ] Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
                [9 ] Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
                University of Southern Denmark, DENMARK
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3501-5715
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4474-6264
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-8053
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-23-14396
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301369
                PMC ID: 11062533
                PubMed ID: 38691521
                SO-VID: 671cb3d7-3b46-4715-90c8-c1cc82b47ddf
                Copyright © © 2024 Ameur et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 23 May 2023
                Date accepted : 12 March 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 6, Pages: 15
                Funding
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Public and Occupational Health
                Subject: Physical Activity
                Subject: Physical Fitness
                Subject: Exercise
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Sports and Exercise Medicine
                Subject: Exercise
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Sports Science
                Subject: Sports and Exercise Medicine
                Subject: Exercise
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Physiological Parameters
                Subject: Body Weight
                Subject: Obesity
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Vascular Medicine
                Subject: Blood Pressure
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Chemistry
                Subject: Chemical Compounds
                Subject: Organic Compounds
                Subject: Carbohydrates
                Subject: Monosaccharides
                Subject: Glucose
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Chemistry
                Subject: Organic Chemistry
                Subject: Organic Compounds
                Subject: Carbohydrates
                Subject: Monosaccharides
                Subject: Glucose
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Physiological Parameters
                Subject: Body Weight
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Physiological Processes
                Subject: Eating
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Endocrinology
                Subject: Diabetic Endocrinology
                Subject: Insulin
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Biochemistry
                Subject: Hormones
                Subject: Insulin
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability The data underlying the results presented in the study are available as supporting information files.

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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