Recent advances in nano-opto-electro-mechanical systems

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Abstract

Nano-opto-electro-mechanical systems (NOEMS), considered as new platforms to study electronic and mechanical freedoms in the field of nanophotonics, have gained rapid progress in recent years. NOEMS offer exciting opportunities to manipulate information carriers using optical, electrical, and mechanical degrees of freedom, where the flow of light, dynamics of electrons, and mechanical vibration modes can be explored in both classical and quantum domains. By exploiting NOEMS concepts and technologies, high speed and low-power consumption switches, high-efficiency microwave-optical conversion devices, and multiple quantum information processing functions can be implemented through on-chip integration. This review will introduce the principles of NOEMS, summarize the recent developments, and important achievements, and give a prospect for the further applications and developments in this field.

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Max Hofheinz, H. Wang, M Ansmann … (2009)

The superposition principle is a fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics. It allows a quantum system to be 'in two places at the same time', because the quantum state of a physical system can simultaneously include measurably different physical states. The preparation and use of such superposed states forms the basis of quantum computation and simulation. The creation of complex superpositions in harmonic systems (such as the motional state of trapped ions, microwave resonators or optical cavities) has presented a significant challenge because it cannot be achieved with classical control signals. Here we demonstrate the preparation and measurement of arbitrary quantum states in an electromagnetic resonator, superposing states with different numbers of photons in a completely controlled and deterministic manner. We synthesize the states using a superconducting phase qubit to phase-coherently pump photons into the resonator, making use of an algorithm that generalizes a previously demonstrated method of generating photon number (Fock) states in a resonator. We completely characterize the resonator quantum state using Wigner tomography, which is equivalent to measuring the resonator's full density matrix.