For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
54
views
32
references
 Top references
cited by
246
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      650
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Emodin blocks the SARS coronavirus spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 interaction

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV spike (S) protein, a type I membrane-bound protein, is essential for the viral attachment to the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). By screening 312 controlled Chinese medicinal herbs supervised by Committee on Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy at Taiwan, we identified that three widely used Chinese medicinal herbs of the family Polygonaceae inhibited the interaction of SARS-CoV S protein and ACE2. The IC 50 values for Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (the root tubers of Rheum officinale Baill.), Radix Polygoni multiflori (the root tubers of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.), and Caulis Polygoni multiflori (the vines of P. multiflorum Thunb.) ranged from 1 to 10 μg/ml. Emodin, an anthraquinone compound derived from genus Rheum and Polygonum, significantly blocked the S protein and ACE2 interaction in a dose-dependent manner. It also inhibited the infectivity of S protein-pseudotyped retrovirus to Vero E6 cells. These findings suggested that emodin may be considered as a potential lead therapeutic agent in the treatment of SARS.

          Related collections

          Most cited references32

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

          Christian Drosten, Stephan Günther, Wolfgang Preiser … (2003)
          The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has recently been identified as a new clinical entity. SARS is thought to be caused by an unknown infectious agent. Clinical specimens from patients with SARS were searched for unknown viruses with the use of cell cultures and molecular techniques. A novel coronavirus was identified in patients with SARS. The virus was isolated in cell culture, and a sequence 300 nucleotides in length was obtained by a polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-based random-amplification procedure. Genetic characterization indicated that the virus is only distantly related to known coronaviruses (identical in 50 to 60 percent of the nucleotide sequence). On the basis of the obtained sequence, conventional and real-time PCR assays for specific and sensitive detection of the novel virus were established. Virus was detected in a variety of clinical specimens from patients with SARS but not in controls. High concentrations of viral RNA of up to 100 million molecules per milliliter were found in sputum. Viral RNA was also detected at extremely low concentrations in plasma during the acute phase and in feces during the late convalescent phase. Infected patients showed seroconversion on the Vero cells in which the virus was isolated. The novel coronavirus might have a role in causing SARS. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society
          Article 0 comments Cited 2294 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

            Thomas G Ksiazek, Dean Erdman, Cynthia Goldsmith … (2003)
            A worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been associated with exposures originating from a single ill health care worker from Guangdong Province, China. We conducted studies to identify the etiologic agent of this outbreak. We received clinical specimens from patients in seven countries and tested them, using virus-isolation techniques, electron-microscopical and histologic studies, and molecular and serologic assays, in an attempt to identify a wide range of potential pathogens. None of the previously described respiratory pathogens were consistently identified. However, a novel coronavirus was isolated from patients who met the case definition of SARS. Cytopathological features were noted in Vero E6 cells inoculated with a throat-swab specimen. Electron-microscopical examination revealed ultrastructural features characteristic of coronaviruses. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining revealed reactivity with group I coronavirus polyclonal antibodies. Consensus coronavirus primers designed to amplify a fragment of the polymerase gene by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to obtain a sequence that clearly identified the isolate as a unique coronavirus only distantly related to previously sequenced coronaviruses. With specific diagnostic RT-PCR primers we identified several identical nucleotide sequences in 12 patients from several locations, a finding consistent with a point-source outbreak. Indirect fluorescence antibody tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays made with the new isolate have been used to demonstrate a virus-specific serologic response. This virus may never before have circulated in the U.S. population. A novel coronavirus is associated with this outbreak, and the evidence indicates that this virus has an etiologic role in SARS. Because of the death of Dr. Carlo Urbani, we propose that our first isolate be named the Urbani strain of SARS-associated coronavirus. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society
            Article 0 comments Cited 2127 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

              P Rota (2003)
              In March 2003, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was discovered in association with cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The sequence of the complete genome of SARS-CoV was determined, and the initial characterization of the viral genome is presented in this report. The genome of SARS-CoV is 29,727 nucleotides in length and has 11 open reading frames, and its genome organization is similar to that of other coronaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparisons showed that SARS-CoV is not closely related to any of the previously characterized coronaviruses.
              Article 0 comments Cited 1240 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Chien-Yun Hsiang
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Antiviral Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Antiviral Res
                Title: Antiviral Research
                Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
                ISSN (Print): 0166-3542
                ISSN (Electronic): 1872-9096
                Publication date PMC-release: 15 May 2006
                Publication date (Print): May 2007
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 May 2006
                Volume: 74
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 92-101
                Affiliations
                [a ]Molecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
                [b ]Department of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
                [c ]Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
                [d ]Department of Microbiology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 4 22053366x8503; fax: +886 4 22053764. cyhsiang@ 123456mail.cmu.edu.tw
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0166-3542(06)00121-5
                DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.04.014
                PMC ID: 7114332
                PubMed ID: 16730806
                SO-VID: 709fb36d-71ec-4ad7-94f7-06b93b3b0fd6
                Copyright © Copyright © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 9 January 2006
                Date accepted : 11 April 2006
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: sars, severe acute respiratory syndrome,sars-cov, sars coronavirus,s, spike,ace2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,hiv, human immunodeficiency virus,elisa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,e. coli, escherichia coli,sds-page, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,pbs, phosphate-buffered saline,bsa, bovine serum albumin,ifa, immunofluorescence assay,mtt, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,hsv, herpes simplex virus,sars coronavirus,spike protein,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,emodin
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: sars, severe acute respiratory syndrome, sars-cov, sars coronavirus, s, spike, ace2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, hiv, human immunodeficiency virus, elisa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, e. coli, escherichia coli, sds-page, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, pbs, phosphate-buffered saline, bsa, bovine serum albumin, ifa, immunofluorescence assay, mtt, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, hsv, herpes simplex virus, sars coronavirus, spike protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, emodin

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content650

                See all similar

                Cited by240

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors1,643

                See all reference authors