Knowledge towards standard precautions among healthcare providers of hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2017: a cross sectional study

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Abstract

Background

Literatures revealed that healthcare-associated infections are still a great concern in many developing countries including in Ethiopia. Despite the development of detailed guidelines for infection control, they remain as a critical challenge for the public health sectors and the knowledge of standard precautions among healthcare workers in many developing countries is low and not properly applied. Hence, the present study tried to determine the level of knowledge about standard precautions among healthcare workers of Amhara region, Ethiopia.

Methods

Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on a randomly selected public hospitals of Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia from March 01–April 01/2017. A multistage sampling strategy was utilized to select 795 sampled healthcare workers. Data were collected using pretested self-administered questionnaire. The collected data entered using EpiData Version 3.1 statistical software and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical package. After using binary logistic regression, multivariable logistic regression analysis used to form the model. Variables which had statistically significant association with the outcome variable ( P < 0.05) were identified as significant in the multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

Almost half (49.2%) of the study participants were female healthcare workers. Three-fourth (74.3%) of the healthcare workers involved in the current study had good knowledge towards standard precautions. Good knowledge towards standard precautions refers to scoring correct responses to > 60% of knowledge items from the survey. Year of service (AOR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.44), educational status (AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.56) were among the predictor variables. In addition, physicians were 6.97 times more likely to be knowledgeable (AOR: 6.97, 95% CI 2.42 to 20.12) than laboratory technician/technology counterparts. Study participants working in medical, Gyn/obs, pediatrics wards, and OPD were about 2.23, 4.27, 2.81 and 2.52 times more likely to be knowledgeable than study participants working in surgical ward.

Conclusions

Overall, the majority of healthcare workers had good knowledge of standard precautions. But variation in knowledge was detected across healthcare workers by hospital type and ward/units. This may help to design a solution by prioritizing the problem.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-020-00509-9.

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Most cited references 40

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Biological control agent Rhizobium (= Agrobacterium ) vitis strain ARK-1 suppresses expression of the essential and non-essential vir genes of tumorigenic R. vitis

Akira Kawaguchi, Mizuho Nita, Tomoya Ishii … (2019)

Objective To gain insights into the virulence suppressive mechanism of a nonpathogenic strain of Rhizobium vitis ARK-1, we co-inoculated ARK-1 with a tumorigenic (Ti) strain of R. vitis to examine the expression of two essential virulence genes (virA and virG) and one non-essential gene (virD3) of the Ti strain at the wound site of grapevine. Results Co-inoculation of ARK-1 with a Ti strain VAT03-9 at a 1:1 cell ratio into grapevine shoots resulted in significantly lower expression of the virulence genes virA, virD3, and virG of VAT03-9 at 1 day after inoculation compared with those when shoots were inoculated only with VAT03-9. ARK-1 was not able to catabolize acetosyringone, which is the plant-derived metabolites inducing the entire vir regulon in Ti strains, suggesting the direct effect of ARK-1 on the induction of broad range of vir genes of R. vitis Ti strains. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-4038-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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It’s hard to play ball: A qualitative study of knowledge exchange and silo effects in public health

Rebecca Johnson, Amy Grove, Aileen Clarke (2018)

Background Partnerships in public health form an important component of commissioning and implementing services, in England and internationally. In this research, we examine the views of staff involved in a City-wide health improvement programme which ran from 2009 to 2013 in England. We examine the practicalities of partnership work in community settings, and we describe some of barriers faced when implementing a large, multi-organisation health improvement programme. Methods Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were performed. Purposive sampling was used to identify potential participants in the programme: programme board of directors, programme and project managers and intervention managers. Interviews were conducted one-to-one. We conducted a thematic analysis using the ‘one sheet of paper’ technique. This involved analysing data deductively, moving from initial to axial coding, developing categories and then identifying emerging themes. Results Fifteen interviews were completed. Three themes were identified. The first theme reflects how poor communication approaches hindered the ability of partnerships to deliver their aims and objectives in a range of ways and for a range of reasons. Our second theme reflects how a lack of appropriate knowledge exchange hindered decision-making, affected trust and contributed to protectionist approaches to working. This lack of shared, and communicated, understanding of what type of knowledge is most appropriate and in which circumstance made meaningful knowledge exchange challenging for decision-making and partnership-working in the City-wide health improvement programme. Theme three demonstrates how perceptions about silos in partnership-working could be problematic, but silos themselves were at times beneficial to partnerships. This revealed a mismatch between rhetoric and a realistic understanding of what components of the programme were functional and which were more hindrance than help. Discussion There were high expectations placed on the concept of what partnership work was, or how it should be done. We found our themes to be interdependent, and reflective of the ‘dynamic fluid process’ discussed within the knowledge mobilisation literature. We contend that reframing normal and embedded processes of silos and silo-working already in use might ease resistance to some knowledge exchange processes and contribute to better long-term functioning of public health partnerships.

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Compliance with universal precautions among health care workers at three regional hospitals.

D Vesley, George L. Delclos, Jordan Vlahov … (1995)

To assess and characterize self-reported levels of compliance with universal precautions among hospital-based health care workers and to determine correlates of compliance. Confidential questionnaire survey of 1716 hospital-based health care workers. Participants were recruited from three geographically distinct hospitals. A stratified convenience sample of physicians, nurses, technicians, and phlebotomists working in emergency, surgery, critical care, and laboratory departments was selected from employment lists to receive the survey instrument. All participants had direct contact with either patients or patient specimens. For this study, overall compliance was defined as "always" or "often" adhering to the desired protective behavior. Eleven different items composed the overall compliance scale. Compliance rates varied among the 11 items, from extremely high for certain activities (e.g., glove use, 97%; disposal of sharps, 95%) to low for others (e.g., wearing protective outer clothing, 62%; wearing eye protection, 63%). Compliance was strongly correlated with several key factors: (1) perceived organizational commitment to safety, (2) perceived conflict of interest between workers' need to protect themselves and their need to provide medical care to patients; (3) risk-taking personality; (4) perception of risk; (5) knowledge regarding routes of HIV transmission; and (6) training in universal precautions. Compliance rates were associated with some demographic characteristics: female workers had higher overall compliance scores than did male workers (25% of female and 19% of male respondents circled "always" or "often" on each of the 11 items, p < 0.05); and overall compliance scores were highest for nurses, intermediate for technicians, and lowest for physicians. Overall compliance scores were higher for the mid-Atlantic respondents (28%) than for those from the Southwest (20%) or Midwest (20%, p = 0.001). This study supports earlier findings regarding several compliance correlates (perception of risk, knowledge of universal precautions), but it also identifies important new variables, such as the organizational safety climate and perceived conflict of interest. Several modifiable variables were identified, and intervention programs that address as many of these factors as possible will probably succeed in facilitating employee compliance.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Ayele Semachew Kasa:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-8329

finoteayu24@gmail.com

Worku Animaw Temesgen: workimaw@gmail.com

Yinager Workineh: workieyenie@gmail.com

Tadesse Dagget Tesfaye: tadesse.dagget@yahoo.com

Sitotaw Kerie: sitkere5@gmail.com

Eden Amsalu: edenamsalu@gmail.com

Solomon Emishaw Awoke: semishaw@gmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Arch Public Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Arch Public Health

Title: Archives of Public Health

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Print): 0778-7367

ISSN (Electronic): 2049-3258

Publication date (Electronic): 1 December 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 1 December 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 78

Electronic Location Identifier: 127

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.442845.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0439 5951, Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Bahir Dar University, ; Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

[2 ]GRID grid.442845.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0439 5951, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Bahir Dar University, ; Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

[3 ]GRID grid.442845.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0439 5951, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Bahir Dar University, ; Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Author information

Ayele Semachew Kasa http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-8329

Article

Publisher ID: 509

DOI: 10.1186/s13690-020-00509-9

PMC ID: 7709327

PubMed ID: 33292611

SO-VID: 76cad73d-a1bc-40a3-b1d0-64395ec25d02

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 29 April 2020

Date accepted : 22 November 2020

Funding

Funded by: Bahir Dar University was the funding agent of this study.

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: infection prevention,standard precautions,knowledge,healthcare workers,amhara region,ethiopia

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: infection prevention, standard precautions, knowledge, healthcare workers, amhara region, ethiopia

Knowledge towards standard precautions among healthcare providers of hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2017: a cross sectional study

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Most cited references 40

Biological control agent Rhizobium (= Agrobacterium ) vitis strain ARK-1 suppresses expression of the essential and non-essential vir genes of tumorigenic R. vitis

It’s hard to play ball: A qualitative study of knowledge exchange and silo effects in public health

Compliance with universal precautions among health care workers at three regional hospitals.

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