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      Surgical treatment of elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis in the modern era – review

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          Abstract

          Surgical treatment of severe aortic stenosis offers good early and long-term results, even in elderly patients. Despite the implementation of percutaneous methods for the very high-risk group, surgical valve replacement remains the gold standard. The advanced age of patients should not be the only indicator limiting the possibility of surgery. In this review we present the most important information on the results of aortic stenosis surgical treatment in the groups of older patients. New methods such as percutaneous and minimally invasive methods of surgery are also discussed. Additionally, the presented information is referred to current guidelines for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis.

          Translated abstract

          Chirurgiczne leczenie ciężkiej stenozy aortalnej przynosi dobre wyniki zarówno krótko-, jak i długoterminowe, nawet u pacjentów w podeszłym wieku. Pomimo wprowadzenia metod przezskórnych przeznaczonych dla pacjentów z grupy wysokiego ryzyka, chirurgiczna wymiana zastawki aortalnej jest złotym standardem. Zaawansowany wiek pacjentów nie powinien być jedynym czynnikiem ograniczającym możliwość wykonania operacji. W artykule zaprezentowano najważniejsze informacje na temat wyników chirurgicznej (klasycznej) wymiany zastawki aortalnej u starszych pacjentów. Omówiono również leczenie przezcewnikowe oraz małoinwazyjną metodę chirurgicznej wymiany zastawki aortalnej. Przedstawione dane odnoszą się do obowiązujących wytycznych dotyczących leczenia ciężkiej stenozy aortalnej.

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          Most cited references32

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          Decision-making in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis: why are so many denied surgery?

          To analyse decision-making in elderly patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). In the Euro Heart Survey on valvular heart disease, 216 patients aged > or =75 had severe AS (valve area or =50 mmHg) and angina or New York Heart Association class III or IV. Patient characteristics were analysed according to the decision to operate or not. A decision not to operate was taken in 72 patients (33%). In multivariable analysis, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction [OR = 2.27, 95% CI (1.32-3.97) for ejection fraction 30-50, OR = 5.15, 95% CI (1.73-15.35) for ejection fraction 50%, P = 0.003] and age [OR = 1.84, 95% CI (1.18-2.89) for 80-85 years, OR=3.38, 95% CI (1.38-8.27) for > or =85 vs. 75-80 years, P = 0.008] were significantly associated with the decision not to operate; however, the Charlson comorbidity index was not [OR = 1.72, 95% CI (0.83-3.50), P = 0.14 for index > or =2 vs. <2]. Neurological dysfunction was the only comorbidity significantly linked with the decision not to operate. Surgery was denied in 33% of elderly patients with severe, symptomatic AS. Older age and LV dysfunction were the most striking characteristics of patients who were denied surgery, whereas comorbidity played a less important role.
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            Transcatheter aortic valve implantation vs. surgical aortic valve replacement for treatment of severe aortic stenosis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.

            In view of the currently available evidence from randomized trials, we aimed to compare the collective safety and efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) vs. surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) across the spectrum of risk and in important subgroups.
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              Transcatheter valve implantation for patients with aortic stenosis: a position statement from the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), in collaboration with the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI).

              To critically review the available transcatheter aortic valve implantation techniques and their results, as well as propose recommendations for their use and development. A committee of experts including European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery and European Society of Cardiology representatives met to reach a consensus based on the analysis of the available data obtained with transcatheter aortic valve implantation and their own experience. The evidence suggests that this technique is feasible and provides haemodynamic and clinical improvement for up to 2 years in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis at high risk or with contraindications for surgery. Questions remain mainly concerning safety and long-term durability, which have to be assessed. Surgeons and cardiologists working as a team should select candidates, perform the procedure, and assess the results. Today, the use of this technique should be restricted to high-risk patients or those with contraindications for surgery. However, this may be extended to lower risk patients if the initial promise holds to be true after careful evaluation. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a promising technique, which may offer an alternative to conventional surgery for high-risk patients with aortic stenosis. Today, careful evaluation is needed to avoid the risk of uncontrolled diffusion.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Kardiochir Torakochirurgia Pol
                Kardiochir Torakochirurgia Pol
                KITP
                Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska = Polish Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
                Termedia Publishing House
                1731-5530
                1897-4252
                24 September 2018
                September 2018
                : 15
                : 3
                : 188-195
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
                [2 ]Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Transplantology Department, John Paul II Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Anna Kwiecień MD, Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, 9 M. Skłodowskiej-Curie St, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland. phone: +48 602 789 020. e-mail: avrilania1@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                78445
                10.5114/kitp.2018.78445
                6180026
                7b39c5eb-33d2-4c86-8f65-866637c91c81
                Copyright: © 2018 Polish Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons (Polskie Towarzystwo KardioTorakochirurgów) and the editors of the Polish Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska)

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.

                History
                : 23 May 2018
                : 11 June 2018
                Categories
                Review Paper

                elderly patients,aortic valve replacement
                elderly patients, aortic valve replacement

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