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      G-spot: Fact or Fiction?: A Systematic Review

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Introduction

          The G-spot, a putative erogenous area in the anterior vaginal wall, is a widely accepted concept in the mainstream media, but controversial in medical literature.

          Aim

          Review of the scientific data concerning the existence, location, and size of the G-spot.

          Methods

          Search on Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Cochrane, clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar from inception to November 2020 of studies on G-spot's existence, location and nature. Surveys, clinical, physiological, imaging, histological and anatomic studies were included.

          Main Outcome Measure

          Existence, location, and nature of the G-spot.

          Results

          In total, 31 eligible studies were identified: 6 surveys, 5 clinical, 1 neurophysiological, 9 imaging, 8 histological/anatomical, and 2 combined clinical and histological. Most women (62.9%) reported having a G-spot and it was identified in most clinical studies (55.4% of women); in 2 studies it was not identified in any women. Imaging studies had contradictory results in terms of its existence and nature. Some showed a descending of the anterior vaginal wall, that led to the concept of clitourethrovaginal complex. In anatomic studies, one author could systematically identify the G-spot, while another group did not find it. Studies on innervation of the vaginal walls did not systematically identify an area with richer innervation.

          Conclusion

          The different studies did systematically agree on the existence of the G-spot. Among the studies in which it was considered to exist, there was no agreement on its location, size, or nature. The existence of this structure remains unproved.

          Vieira-Baptista P, Lima-Silva J, Preti M, et al. G-spot: Fact or Fiction?: A Systematic Review. Sex Med 2021;9:100435 .

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          Most cited references76

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          Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation

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            Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation.

            Protocols of systematic reviews and meta-analyses allow for planning and documentation of review methods, act as a guard against arbitrary decision making during review conduct, enable readers to assess for the presence of selective reporting against completed reviews, and, when made publicly available, reduce duplication of efforts and potentially prompt collaboration. Evidence documenting the existence of selective reporting and excessive duplication of reviews on the same or similar topics is accumulating and many calls have been made in support of the documentation and public availability of review protocols. Several efforts have emerged in recent years to rectify these problems, including development of an international register for prospective reviews (PROSPERO) and launch of the first open access journal dedicated to the exclusive publication of systematic review products, including protocols (BioMed Central's Systematic Reviews). Furthering these efforts and building on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines, an international group of experts has created a guideline to improve the transparency, accuracy, completeness, and frequency of documented systematic review and meta-analysis protocols--PRISMA-P (for protocols) 2015. The PRISMA-P checklist contains 17 items considered to be essential and minimum components of a systematic review or meta-analysis protocol.This PRISMA-P 2015 Explanation and Elaboration paper provides readers with a full understanding of and evidence about the necessity of each item as well as a model example from an existing published protocol. This paper should be read together with the PRISMA-P 2015 statement. Systematic review authors and assessors are strongly encouraged to make use of PRISMA-P when drafting and appraising review protocols. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2014.
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              The dual control model: current status and future directions.

              The Dual Control Model proposes that sexual responses involve an interaction between sexual excitatory and sexual inhibitory processes. The model further postulates that individuals vary in their propensity for both sexual excitation and sexual inhibition, and that such variations help us to understand much of the variability in human sexuality. The development of psychometrically validated instruments for measuring such propensities for men (Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales) and for women (Sexual Excitation/Sexual Inhibition Inventory for Women) is described. These measures show close to normal variability in both men and women, supporting the concept that "normal" levels of inhibition proneness are adaptive. The relevance of the model to sexual development, sexual desire, the effects of aging, sexual identity, and the relation between mood and sexuality are discussed, and the available evidence is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to gender differences and similarities in propensities for sexual excitation and inhibition. Research findings related to sexual problems, high-risk sexual behavior, and the relevance of this model to clinical management of such problems are also summarized. Last, ideas for future use and further development of the Dual Control Model are considered.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Sex Med
                Sex Med
                Sexual Medicine
                Elsevier
                2050-1161
                09 September 2021
                October 2021
                09 September 2021
                : 9
                : 5
                : 100435
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Hospital Lusíadas Porto, Porto, Portugal
                [2 ]Lower Genital Tract Unit, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
                [3 ]LAP, a Unilabs Company, Porto, Portugal
                [4 ]Department of Surgical Sciences University of Torino, Torino, Italy
                [5 ]Gynecology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
                [6 ]Urology Department, Saúde Atlântica - Clínica do Dragão, Porto, Portugal
                [7 ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding Author: Pedro Vieira-Baptista, MD, Hospital Lusíadas Porto, Av. da Boavista 171, 4050-115 Porto, Portugal pedrovieirabaptista@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S2050-1161(21)00115-X 100435
                10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100435
                8498956
                34509752
                7fdd37b9-d695-4d56-ac0f-7682b6fd2949
                Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the International Society for Sexual Medicine.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 8 April 2021
                : 10 August 2021
                Categories
                Review
                Anatomy/Physiology

                g-spot,gräfenberg spot,orgasm,sexual function,clitorurethrovaginal complex

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