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      A molecular and morphological study of Ascaris suum in a human-pig contact scenario in northeastern Brazil Translated title: Estudo molecular e morfológico de Ascaris suum em um cenário de contato entre suínos e humanos no nordeste brasileiro

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      1 , 2 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 4 , 1 , * , , 5 , 2
      Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária / Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology
      Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária
      Ascaris suum, Sus scrofa domesticus, cytochome oxidase 1, phylogenetic analyses, Ascaris suum, Sus scrofa domesticus, citocromo oxidase 1, análise filogenética

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          Abstract

          The aim of the present study was to assess morphologic and genetic data on ascariasis in swine ( Sus scrofa domesticus) and humans in low-resource rural and periurban communities in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Our cross-sectional survey included 100 fecal samples obtained from swine and 682 samples from humans. Fifteen pigs were necropsied. Human and porcine fecal samples were examined to identify Ascaris eggs. Parasites obtained in the swine necropsies were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mitochondrial gene encoding the cytochrome oxidase 1 ( cox1) enzyme was partially amplified and sequenced for molecular taxonomy and phylogenetic analyses. The overall prevalence of Ascaris eggs in the swine fecal samples was 16/100 (16%). No Ascaris eggs were identified in the human fecal samples. SEM of six worms recovered from pigs demonstrated morphological characteristics of A. suum. Cox1 sequences were compatible with A. suum reference sequences. Original and reference (GenBank) nucleotide sequences were organized into clusters that did not segregate the parasites by host species or and region. The largest haplogroups were dominated by haplotypes H01, H02 and H31. In the communities studied, there was no epidemiological evidence of the zoonotic transmission of ascariasis at the human-swine interface.

          Resumo

          O presente estudo teve como objetivo acessar dados morfológicos e genéticos sobre a ascaridíase em suínos ( Sus scrofa domesticus) e humanos, em comunidades rurais e periurbanas no estado do Piauí. O estudo transversal incluiu 100 amostras fecais de suínos e 682 amostras obtidas de humanos. Quinze suínos foram necropsiados. Amostras fecais suínas e humanas foram examinadas para detecção de ovos de Ascaris. Os parasitas adultos, obtidos nas necropsias, foram estudados através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), e o gene mitocondrial codificante da enzima citocromo oxidase 1 ( cox1) foi parcialmente amplificado e sequenciado para análises filogenéticas e de taxonomia molecular. A prevalência de Ascaris em amostras fecais de suínos foi 16/100 (16%), não sendo identificado nenhum caso de infecção por este parasita em humanos. A análise por MEV de parasitas recuperados de suínos demonstrou características morfológicas de Ascaris suum. As sequências nucleotídicas de cox1 foram compatíveis com A. suum. As sequências originais e de referência (obtidas no GeneBank) foram organizadas em clusters que não segregaram os parasitas por hospedeiro ou região geográfica. Os maiores haplogrupos foram dominados pelos haplótipos H01, H02 e H31. Nas comunidades estudadas, não foi evidenciada transmissão zoonótica de A. suum na interface suíno-humana.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Bras Parasitol Vet
                Rev Bras Parasitol Vet
                rbpv
                Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária / Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology
                Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária
                0103-846X
                1984-2961
                13 October 2023
                2023
                : 32
                : 3
                : e005623
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalLaboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
                [2 ] originalLaboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Escritório Regional Fiocruz Piauí, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Teresina, PI, Brasil
                [3 ] originalSecretaria Municipal de Saúde, Nossa Senhora de Nazaré, PI, Brasil
                [4 ] originalLaboratório de Vigilância Entomológica em Díptera e Hemíptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
                [5 ] originalDepartamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa. E-mail: guaratiba@ 123456ioc.fiocruz.br

                Ethics declaration: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (CAAE: 12125713.5.0000.5248) and by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (LW-21/13 -P-4/13.3).

                Conflict of interest: None declared.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-2840
                Article
                rbpvAO05623_EN 00311
                10.1590/S1984-29612023057
                10706455
                37851714
                80bc5a9e-3baf-40f7-8bd7-48c5f441b876

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 27 March 2023
                : 16 August 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 41
                Categories
                Original Article

                ascaris suum,sus scrofa domesticus,cytochome oxidase 1,phylogenetic analyses,citocromo oxidase 1,análise filogenética

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