Little is known about how hypercholesterolaemia affects Ca 2+ signalling in the vasculature of ApoE −/− mice, a model of atherosclerosis. Our objectives were therefore to determine (i) if hypercholesterolaemia alters Ca 2+ signalling in aortic endothelial cells before overt atherosclerotic lesions occur, (ii) how Ca 2+ signals are affected in older plaque-containing mice, and (iii) whether Ca 2+ signalling changes were translated into contractility differences. Using confocal microscopy we found agonist-specific Ca 2+ changes in endothelial cells. ATP responses were unchanged in ApoE −/− cells and methyl-β-cyclodextrin, which lowers cholesterol, was without effect. In contrast, Ca 2+ signals to carbachol were significantly increased in ApoE −/− cells, an effect methyl-β-cyclodextrin reversed. Ca 2+ signals were more oscillatory and store-operated Ca 2+ entry decreased as mice aged and plaques formed. Despite clearly increased Ca 2+ signals, aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine had impaired relaxation to carbachol. This functional deficit increased with age, was not related to ROS generation, and could be partially rescued by methyl-β-cyclodextrin. In conclusion, carbachol-induced calcium signalling and handling are significantly altered in endothelial cells of ApoE −/− mice before plaque development. We speculate that reduction in store-operated Ca 2+ entry may result in less efficient activation of eNOS and thus explain the reduced relaxatory response to CCh, despite the enhanced Ca 2+ response.