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      Perspectives of nanotechnology in male fertility and sperm function

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          Abstract

          Recent advances in nanotechnology have tremendously expanded its possible applications in biomedicine. Although, the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) at cellular and tissue levels have not been fully understood, some of these biological effects might be employed in assisted reproduction to improve male fertility particularly by enhancing sperm cell quality either in vivo or in vitro. This review summarises the available literature regarding the potential applications of nanomaterials in farm animal reproduction, with a specific focus on the male gamete and on different strategies to improve breeding performances, transgenesis and targeted delivery of substances to a sperm cell. Antioxidant, antimicrobial properties and special surface binding ligand functionalization and their applications for sperm processing and cryopreservation have been reviewed. In addition, nanotoxicity and detrimental effects of NPs on sperm cells are also discussed due to the increasing concerns regarding the environmental impact of the expanding use of nanotechnologies on reproduction.

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          Insight into nanoparticle cellular uptake and intracellular targeting.

          Basit Yameen, Won Choi, Cristian Vilos … (2014)
          Collaborative efforts from the fields of biology, materials science, and engineering are leading to exciting progress in the development of nanomedicines. Since the targets of many therapeutic agents are localized in subcellular compartments, modulation of nanoparticle-cell interactions for efficient cellular uptake through the plasma membrane and the development of nanomedicines for precise delivery to subcellular compartments remain formidable challenges. Cellular internalization routes determine the post-internalization fate and intracellular localization of nanoparticles. This review highlights the cellular uptake routes most relevant to the field of non-targeted nanomedicine and presents an account of ligand-targeted nanoparticles for receptor-mediated cellular internalization as a strategy for modulating the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Ligand-targeted nanoparticles have been the main impetus behind the progress of nanomedicines towards the clinic. This strategy has already resulted in remarkable progress towards effective oral delivery of nanomedicines that can overcome the intestinal epithelial barrier. A detailed overview of the recent developments in subcellular targeting as a novel platform for next-generation organelle-specific nanomedicines is also provided. Each section of the review includes prospects, potential, and concrete expectations from the field of targeted nanomedicines and strategies to meet those expectations.
          Article 0 comments Cited 207 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Metal oxide nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents: a promise for the future.

            Ekambaram Perumal, Azhwar Raghunath (2017)
            Microbial infectious diseases are a global threat to human health. Excess and improper use of antibiotics has created antimicrobial-resistant microbes that can defy clinical treatment. The hunt for safe and alternate antimicrobial agents is on in order to overcome such resistant micro-organisms, and the birth of nanotechnology offers promise to combat infectious organisms. Over the past two decades, metal oxide nanoparticles (MeO-NPs) have become an attractive alternative source to combat microbes that are highly resistant to various classes of antibiotics. Their vast array of physicochemical properties enables MeO-NPs to act as antimicrobial agents through various mechanisms. Apart from exhibiting antimicrobial properties, MeO-NPs also serve as carriers of drugs, thus barely providing a chance for micro-organisms to develop resistance. These immense multiple properties exhibited by MeO-NPs will have an impact on the treatment of deadly infectious diseases. This review discusses the mechanisms of action of MeO-NPs against micro-organisms, safety concerns, challenges and future perspectives.
            Article 0 comments Cited 148 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Protection of cisplatin-induced spermatotoxicity, DNA damage and chromatin abnormality by selenium nano-particles.

              Mohammad Rezvanfar, Mohammad Abdollahi, Maryam Baeeri … (2013)
              Cisplatin (CIS), an anticancer alkylating agent, induces DNA adducts and effectively cross links the DNA strands and so affects spermatozoa as a male reproductive toxicant. The present study investigated the cellular/biochemical mechanisms underlying possible protective effect of selenium nano-particles (Nano-Se) as an established strong antioxidant with more bioavailability and less toxicity, on reproductive toxicity of CIS by assessment of sperm characteristics, sperm DNA integrity, chromatin quality and spermatogenic disorders. To determine the role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of CIS gonadotoxicity, the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and peroxynitrite (ONOO) as a marker of nitrosative stress (NS) and testosterone (T) concentration as a biomarker of testicular function were measured in the blood and testes. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were equally divided into four groups. A single IP dose of CIS (7 mg/kg) and protective dose of Nano-Se (2 mg/kg/day) were administered alone or in combination. The CIS-exposed rats showed a significant increase in testicular and serum LPO and ONOO level, along with a significant decrease in enzymatic antioxidants levels, diminished serum T concentration and abnormal histologic findings with impaired sperm quality associated with increased DNA damage and decreased chromatin quality. Coadministration of Nano-Se significantly improved the serum T, sperm quality, and spermatogenesis and reduced CIS-induced free radical toxic stress and spermatic DNA damage. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that Nano-Se may be useful to prevent CIS-induced gonadotoxicity through its antioxidant potential. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Waleed F.A. Marei
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Vet Sci Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Vet Sci Med
                Title: International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine
                Publisher: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University
                ISSN (Print): 2314-4580
                ISSN (Electronic): 2314-4599
                Publication date PMC-release: 12 September 2018
                Publication date Collection: December 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 September 2018
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 265-269
                Affiliations
                [a ]Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sezione di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologia, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
                [b ]Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
                [c ]Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
                [d ]Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
                [e ]Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. waleed.marei@ 123456uantwerpen.be
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2314-4599(18)30133-9
                DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.09.001
                PMC ID: 6286411
                PubMed ID: 30564607
                SO-VID: 81a477bd-fa18-4fa5-93c8-4ed187b631b6
                Copyright © © 2018 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University. Published by Elsevier B.V.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 30 June 2018
                Date revision received : 4 September 2018
                Date accepted : 4 September 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                Keywords: antioxidants,gamete,nanoparticles,reproduction,semen
                Data availability:
                Keywords: antioxidants, gamete, nanoparticles, reproduction, semen

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