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      Improving creativity performance by short-term meditation

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          Abstract

          Background

          One form of meditation intervention, the integrative body-mind training (IBMT) has been shown to improve attention, reduce stress and change self-reports of mood. In this paper we examine whether short-term IBMT can improve performance related to creativity and determine the role that mood may play in such improvement.

          Methods

          Forty Chinese undergraduates were randomly assigned to short-term IBMT group or a relaxation training (RT) control group. Mood and creativity performance were assessed by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) questionnaire respectively.

          Results

          As predicted, the results indicated that short-term (30 min per day for 7 days) IBMT improved creativity performance on the divergent thinking task, and yielded better emotional regulation than RT. In addition, cross-lagged analysis indicated that both positive and negative affect may influence creativity in IBMT group (not RT group).

          Conclusions

          Our results suggested that emotion-related creativity-promoting mechanism may be attributed to short-term meditation.

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          Most cited references33

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          A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus?

          Matthijs Baas, Carsten De Dreu, Bernard A. Nijstad (2008)
          This meta-analysis synthesized 102 effect sizes reflecting the relation between specific moods and creativity. Effect sizes overall revealed that positive moods produce more creativity than mood-neutral controls (r= .15), but no significant differences between negative moods and mood-neutral controls (r= -.03) or between positive and negative moods (r= .04) were observed. Creativity is enhanced most by positive mood states that are activating and associated with an approach motivation and promotion focus (e.g., happiness), rather than those that are deactivating and associated with an avoidance motivation and prevention focus (e.g., relaxed). Negative, deactivating moods with an approach motivation and a promotion focus (e.g., sadness) were not associated with creativity, but negative, activating moods with an avoidance motivation and a prevention focus (fear, anxiety) were associated with lower creativity, especially when assessed as cognitive flexibility. With a few exceptions, these results generalized across experimental and correlational designs, populations (students vs. general adult population), and facet of creativity (e.g., fluency, flexibility, originality, eureka/insight). The authors discuss theoretical implications and highlight avenues for future research on specific moods, creativity, and their relationships.
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            Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: converging PET findings in depression and normal sadness.

            H Mayberg, M Liotti, S Brannan … (1999)
            Theories of human behavior from Plato to Freud have repeatedly emphasized links between emotion and reason, a relationship now commonly attributed to pathways connecting phylogenetically "old" and "new" brain regions. Expanding on this theory, this study examined functional interactions between specific limbic and neocortical regions accompanying normal and disease-associated shifts in negative mood state. Regions of concordant functional change accompanying provocation of transient sadness in healthy volunteers and resolution of chronic dysphoric symptoms in depressed patients were examined with two positron emission tomography techniques: [15O]water and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, respectively. With sadness, increases in limbic-paralimbic blood flow (subgenual cingulate, anterior insula) and decreases in neocortical regions (right dorsolateral prefrontal, inferior parietal) were identified. With recovery from depression, the reverse pattern, involving the same regions, was seen--limbic metabolic decreases and neocortical increases. A significant inverse correlation between subgenual cingulate and right dorsolateral prefrontal activity was also demonstrated in both conditions. Reciprocal changes involving subgenual cingulate and right prefrontal cortex occur with both transient and chronic changes in negative mood. The presence and maintenance of functional reciprocity between these regions with shifts in mood in either direction suggests that these regional interactions are obligatory and probably mediate the well-recognized relationships between mood and attention seen in both normal and pathological conditions. The bidirectional nature of this limbic-cortical reciprocity provides additional evidence of potential mechanisms mediating cognitive ("top-down"), pharmacological (mixed), and surgical ("bottom-up") treatments of mood disorders such as depression.
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              Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: evidence of brief mental training.

              Fadel Zeidan, Susan K Johnson, Bruce Diamond … (2010)
              Although research has found that long-term mindfulness meditation practice promotes executive functioning and the ability to sustain attention, the effects of brief mindfulness meditation training have not been fully explored. We examined whether brief meditation training affects cognition and mood when compared to an active control group. After four sessions of either meditation training or listening to a recorded book, participants with no prior meditation experience were assessed with measures of mood, verbal fluency, visual coding, and working memory. Both interventions were effective at improving mood but only brief meditation training reduced fatigue, anxiety, and increased mindfulness. Moreover, brief mindfulness training significantly improved visuo-spatial processing, working memory, and executive functioning. Our findings suggest that 4days of meditation training can enhance the ability to sustain attention; benefits that have previously been reported with long-term meditators. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xiaoqian Ding
                Yi-Yuan Tang
                Rongxiang Tang
                Michael I Posner
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Behav Brain Funct
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Behav Brain Funct
                Title: Behavioral and Brain Functions : BBF
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1744-9081
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 March 2014
                Volume: 10
                Page: 9
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Neuroinformatics and Laboratory for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
                [2 ]Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
                [3 ]Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
                [4 ]Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1744-9081-10-9
                DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-10-9
                PMC ID: 3994657
                PubMed ID: 24645871
                SO-VID: 83d8d5f8-0fd7-4acf-b2b2-109f8ea37a55
                Copyright © Copyright © 2014 Ding et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 28 November 2013
                Date accepted : 8 March 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology
                Keywords: creativity,emotion,positive affect,negative affect,short-term meditation,integrative body-mind training,cross-lagged analysis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology
                Keywords: creativity, emotion, positive affect, negative affect, short-term meditation, integrative body-mind training, cross-lagged analysis

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