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      Dietary Lignans: Definition, Description and Research Trends in Databases Development

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          Abstract

          The study aims to communicate the current status regarding the development and management of the databases on dietary lignans; within the phytochemicals, the class of the lignan compounds is of increasing interest because of their potential beneficial properties, i.e., anticancerogenic, antioxidant, estrogenic, and antiestrogenic activities. Furthermore, an introductory overview of the main characteristics of the lignans is described here. In addition to the importance of the general databases, the role and function of a food composition database is explained. The occurrence of lignans in food groups is described; the initial construction of the first lignan databases and their inclusion in harmonized databases at national and/or European level is presented. In this context, some examples of utilization of specific databases to evaluate the intake of lignans are reported and described.

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          Recent advances in research on lignans and neolignans.

          Rémy Bertrand Teponno, Souvik Kusari, Michael Spiteller (2016)
          Covering: 2009 to 2015Lignans and neolignans are a large group of natural products derived from the oxidative coupling of two C6-C3 units. Owing to their biological activities ranging from antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory to antiviral properties, they have been used for a long time both in ethnic as well as in conventional medicine. This review describes 564 of the latest examples of naturally occurring lignans and neolignans, and their glycosides in some cases, which have been isolated between 2009 and 2015. It comprises the data reported in more than 200 peer-reviewed articles and covers their source, isolation, structure elucidation and bioactivities (where available), and highlights the biosynthesis and total synthesis of some important ones.
          Article 0 comments Cited 109 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Nutraceuticals: A paradigm of proactive medicine.

            Antonello Santini, Ettore Novellino, Gian Carlo Tenore (2017)
            Nutraceuticals define a new category which shades the frontier between drugs and food. As per its definition, a nutraceutical is "a food or part of a food that provides benefits health in addition to its nutritional content". Active substances either way extracted from plants (phytocomplexes) or of animal origin, when extracted, concentrated and administered in a suitable pharmaceutical form, can create a very promising toolbox useful to prevent and/or support the therapy of some pathologic conditions given their proven clinical efficacy. It is worldwide recognized that diet and lifestyle are essential to promote and maintain well-being and nice-being condition, other than help to prevent diseases possible onset. Both non-correct dietary habits and lifestyle can in fact determine pathological conditions. The metabolic syndrome, a worldwide epidemic threat, can be named an outstanding example. This syndrome is characterized by a cascade of cardio metabolic risk factors which include obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Prevention is the key strategy for an effective proactive medicine, in which efforts are addressed to prevention and, consequently, to lower the risk connected to some lifestyle related diseases reducing, at the same time, any National Health Systems cost needed to guarantee the proper therapeutic approach based on pharmaceuticals. Nutraceuticals use in prevention is a proactive reverse approach tool to pre-clinical health conditions. They can be effectively used, by including in the daily diet, in an area which shades in the range "beyond the diet, before drugs", since they combine both nutritional and beneficial healthy properties of food extracts with the healing properties of natural active compounds.
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              Phytoestrogen content of foods consumed in Canada, including isoflavones, lignans, and coumestan.

              Nancy Kreiger, Lilian U. Thompson, Beatrice A. Boucher … (2005)
              Phytoestrogens may play a role in hormone-related diseases such as cancer, but epidemiological and clinical data are conflicting in part due to inadequate databases used in intake estimation. A database of nine phytoestrogens in foods relevant to Western diets was developed to more accurately estimate intakes. Foods (N = 121) available in Ontario, Canada were prepared as commonly consumed and analyzed for isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein, formononetin), lignans (secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, pinoresinol, lariciresinol), and coumestan (coumestrol) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. Data were presented on an as is (wet) basis per 100 g and per serving. Food groups with decreasing levels of total phytoestrogens per 100 g are nuts and oilseeds, soy products, cereals and breads, legumes, meat products, and other processed foods that may contain soy, vegetables, fruits, alcoholic, and nonalcoholic beverages. Soy products contain the highest amounts of isoflavone, followed by legumes, meat products and other processed foods, cereals and breads, nuts and oilseeds, vegetables, alcoholic beverages, fruits, and nonalcoholic beverages. Decreasing amounts of lignans are found in nuts and oilseeds, cereals and breads, legumes, fruits, vegetables, soy products, processed foods, alcoholic, and nonalcoholic beverages. The richest sources of specific phytoestrogens, including coumestrol, were identified. The database will improve phytoestrogen intake estimation in future epidemiological and clinical studies particularly in Western populations.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 08 December 2018
                Publication date Collection: December 2018
                Volume: 23
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: 3251
                Affiliations
                [1 ]CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; massimo.lucarini@ 123456crea.gov.it (M.L.); emanuela.camilli@ 123456crea.gov.it (E.C.); stefania.marconi@ 123456crea.gov.it (S.M.); paolo.gabrielli@ 123456crea.gov.it (P.G.); silvia.lisciani@ 123456crea.gov.it (S.L.); loretta.gambelli@ 123456crea.gov.it (L.G.); altero.aguzzi@ 123456crea.gov.it (A.A.); aida.turrini@ 123456crea.gov.it (A.T.); luisa.marletta@ 123456crea.gov.it (L.M.)
                [2 ]Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; ettore.novellino@ 123456unina.it (E.N.); asantini@ 123456unina.it (A.S.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: alessandra.durazzo@ 123456crea.gov.it ; Tel.: +30-065-149-4430
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-2332
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5505-3327
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0975-6181
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-23-03251
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123251
                PMC ID: 6321438
                PubMed ID: 30544820
                SO-VID: 85393c93-ef98-40e9-bb8e-847c7d9da741
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 09 November 2018
                Date accepted : 06 December 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Perspective

                Keywords: dietary lignans,national databases,food groups,dietary intake,harmonized databases
                Data availability:
                Keywords: dietary lignans, national databases, food groups, dietary intake, harmonized databases

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