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      Hypoxia alters vulnerability to capture and the potential for trait-based selection in a scaled-down trawl fishery

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          Selective harvest of wild organisms by humans can influence the evolution of plants and animals, and fishing is recognized as a particularly strong driver of this process. Importantly, these effects occur alongside environmental change. Here we show that aquatic hypoxia can alter which individuals within a fish population are vulnerable to capture by trawling, potentially altering the selection and evolutionary effects stemming from commercial fisheries.

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          rptR: repeatability estimation and variance decomposition by generalized linear mixed-effects models

          Sarah Goslee, Martin A. Stoffel, Shinichi Nakagawa … (2017)
          Article 0 comments Cited 493 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Decline in global oceanic oxygen content during the past five decades

            Sunke Schmidtko, Lothar Stramma, Martin Visbeck (2017)
            Ocean models predict a decline in the dissolved oxygen inventory of the global ocean of one to seven per cent by the year 2100, caused by a combination of a warming-induced decline in oxygen solubility and reduced ventilation of the deep ocean. It is thought that such a decline in the oceanic oxygen content could affect ocean nutrient cycles and the marine habitat, with potentially detrimental consequences for fisheries and coastal economies. Regional observational data indicate a continuous decrease in oceanic dissolved oxygen concentrations in most regions of the global ocean, with an increase reported in a few limited areas, varying by study. Prior work attempting to resolve variations in dissolved oxygen concentrations at the global scale reported a global oxygen loss of 550 ± 130 teramoles (1012 mol) per decade between 100 and 1,000 metres depth based on a comparison of data from the 1970s and 1990s. Here we provide a quantitative assessment of the entire ocean oxygen inventory by analysing dissolved oxygen and supporting data for the complete oceanic water column over the past 50 years. We find that the global oceanic oxygen content of 227.4 ± 1.1 petamoles (1015 mol) has decreased by more than two per cent (4.8 ± 2.1 petamoles) since 1960, with large variations in oxygen loss in different ocean basins and at different depths. We suggest that changes in the upper water column are mostly due to a warming-induced decrease in solubility and biological consumption. Changes in the deeper ocean may have their origin in basin-scale multi-decadal variability, oceanic overturning slow-down and a potential increase in biological consumption.
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              Maturation trends indicative of rapid evolution preceded the collapse of northern cod.

              Esben Olsen, Mikko Heino, George R Lilly … (2004)
              Northern cod, comprising populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) off southern Labrador and eastern Newfoundland, supported major fisheries for hundreds of years. But in the late 1980s and early 1990s, northern cod underwent one of the worst collapses in the history of fisheries. The Canadian government closed the directed fishing for northern cod in July 1992, but even after a decade-long offshore moratorium, population sizes remain historically low. Here we show that, up until the moratorium, the life history of northern cod continually shifted towards maturation at earlier ages and smaller sizes. Because confounding effects of mortality changes and growth-mediated phenotypic plasticity are accounted for in our analyses, this finding strongly suggests fisheries-induced evolution of maturation patterns in the direction predicted by theory. We propose that fisheries managers could use the method described here as a tool to provide warning signals about changes in life history before more overt evidence of population decline becomes manifest.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                John Mandelman: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Conserv Physiol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Conserv Physiol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): conphys
                Title: Conservation Physiology
                Publisher: Oxford University Press
                ISSN (Electronic): 2051-1434
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 November 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 27 November 2019
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: coz082
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow , Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
                [2 ] DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
                [3 ] Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University , Pázmány P.s. 1C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. Tel: +44 01413308080. Email: d.thambithurai.1@ 123456research.gla.ac.uk
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0338-3778
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4323-7254
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4949-3988
                Article
                Publisher ID: coz082
                DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz082
                PMC ID: 6880855
                SO-VID: 8b58e972-39a3-49d1-a340-dac4ed6c9848
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press and the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 15 December 2018
                Date revision received : 29 August 2019
                Date revision requested : 18 September 2019
                Date accepted : 18 September 2019
                Page count
                Pages: 12
                Funding
                Funded by: European Research Council Starting Grant
                Award ID: 640004
                Funded by: NERC Advanced Fellowship
                Award ID: NE/J019100/1
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: hypoxia,fisheries-induced evolution,swimming performance,environmental stress,trawling
                Data availability:
                Keywords: hypoxia, fisheries-induced evolution, swimming performance, environmental stress, trawling

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