Development of an aggregate-selective, human-derived α-synuclein antibody BIIB054 that ameliorates disease phenotypes in Parkinson's disease models

Abstract

Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is neuropathologically and genetically linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). Since stereotypic cell-to-cell spreading of α-syn pathology is believed to contribute to disease progression, immunotherapy with antibodies directed against α-syn is considered a promising therapeutic approach for slowing disease progression. Here we report the identification, binding characteristics, and efficacy in PD mouse models of the human-derived α-syn antibody BIIB054, which is currently under investigation in a Phase 2 clinical trial for PD. BIIB054 was generated by screening human memory B-cell libraries from healthy elderly individuals. Epitope mapping studies conducted using peptide scanning, X-ray crystallography, and mutagenesis show that BIIB054 binds to α-syn residues 1-10. BIIB054 is highly selective for aggregated forms of α-syn with at least an 800-fold higher apparent affinity for fibrillar versus monomeric recombinant α-syn and a strong preference for human PD brain tissue. BIIB054 discriminates between monomers and oligomeric/fibrillar forms of α-syn based on high avidity for aggregates, driven by weak monovalent affinity and fast binding kinetics. In efficacy studies in three different mouse models with intracerebrally inoculated preformed α-syn fibrils, BIIB054 treatment attenuated the spreading of α-syn pathology, rescued motor impairments, and reduced the loss of dopamine transporter density in dopaminergic terminals in striatum. The preclinical data reported here provide a compelling rationale for clinical development of BIIB054 for the treatment and prevention of PD.