Molecular docking simulation reveals ACE2 polymorphisms that may increase the affinity of ACE2 with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that ACE2 gene polymorphism can modulate the interaction between ACE2 and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein affecting the viral entry into the host cell, and/or contribute to lung and systemic damage in COVID-19. Here we used in silico molecular docking to predict the effects of ACE2 missense variants on the interaction with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. HDOCK and FireDock simulations identified 6 ACE2 missense variants (I21T, A25T, K26R, E37K, T55A, E75G) with higher affinity for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) with respect to wild type ACE2, and 11 variants (I21V, E23K, K26E, T27A, E35K, S43R, Y50F, N51D, N58H, K68E, M82I) with lower affinity. This result supports the hypothesis that ACE2 genetic background may represent the first “genetic gateway” during the disease progression.

Highlights

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  Significant aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity remain obscure.

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  Host-pathogen interactions are determinants of infectivity and clinical course.

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  Host genetics might explain heterogeneity in disease susceptibility and severity.

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  ACE2 polymorphisms might account for differences in receptor-ligand affinity.

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  We show in silico evidence of ACE2 polymorphisms with higher Spike affinity.