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      Increasing the impact of vertebrate scientific collections through 3D imaging: The openVertebrate (oVert) Thematic Collections Network

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      , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , the oVert Project Team,
      Bioscience
      Oxford University Press
      comparative anatomy, computed tomography (CT), data sharing, light scanning, natural history collections, photogrammetry

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          Abstract

          The impact of preserved museum specimens is transforming and increasing by three-dimensional (3D) imaging that creates high-fidelity online digital specimens. Through examples from the openVertebrate (oVert) Thematic Collections Network, we describe how we created a digitization community dedicated to the shared vision of making 3D data of specimens available and the impact of these data on a broad audience of scientists, students, teachers, artists, and more. High-fidelity digital 3D models allow people from multiple communities to simultaneously access and use scientific specimens. Based on our multiyear, multi-institution project, we identify significant technological and social hurdles that remain for fully realizing the potential impact of digital 3D specimens.

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          Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species.

          Many large animal species have a high risk of extinction. This is usually thought to result simply from the way that species traits associated with vulnerability, such as low reproductive rates, scale with body size. In a broad-scale analysis of extinction risk in mammals, we find two additional patterns in the size selectivity of extinction risk. First, impacts of both intrinsic and environmental factors increase sharply above a threshold body mass around 3 kilograms. Second, whereas extinction risk in smaller species is driven by environmental factors, in larger species it is driven by a combination of environmental factors and intrinsic traits. Thus, the disadvantages of large size are greater than generally recognized, and future loss of large mammal biodiversity could be far more rapid than expected.
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            Darwin Core: An Evolving Community-Developed Biodiversity Data Standard

            Biodiversity data derive from myriad sources stored in various formats on many distinct hardware and software platforms. An essential step towards understanding global patterns of biodiversity is to provide a standardized view of these heterogeneous data sources to improve interoperability. Fundamental to this advance are definitions of common terms. This paper describes the evolution and development of Darwin Core, a data standard for publishing and integrating biodiversity information. We focus on the categories of terms that define the standard, differences between simple and relational Darwin Core, how the standard has been implemented, and the community processes that are essential for maintenance and growth of the standard. We present case-study extensions of the Darwin Core into new research communities, including metagenomics and genetic resources. We close by showing how Darwin Core records are integrated to create new knowledge products documenting species distributions and changes due to environmental perturbations.
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              The Value of Museum Collections for Research and Society

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Bioscience
                Bioscience
                bioscience
                Bioscience
                Oxford University Press
                0006-3568
                1525-3244
                March 2024
                06 March 2024
                06 March 2024
                : 74
                : 3
                : 169-186
                Affiliations
                Florida Museum of Natural History (FLMNH), University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, United States
                Blackburn served as the lead principal investigator for the oVert Thematic Collections Network
                Duke University, Durham , North Carolina, United States
                Florida Museum of Natural History (FLMNH), University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, United States
                Blackburn served as the lead principal investigator for the oVert Thematic Collections Network
                Duke University, Durham , North Carolina, United States
                Field Museum of Natural History , Chicago, Illinois, United States
                University of Chicago and University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, United States
                University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado, United States
                Field Museum of Natural History , Chicago, Illinois, United States
                Texas A&M University, College Station , Texas, United States
                University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
                Chicago State University DePaul University , Chicago, Illinois, United States
                Cornell University , Ithaca, New York, United States
                Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
                FLMNH Science Museum of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
                Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
                Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
                Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
                University of Texas Austin , Austin, Texas, United States
                Field Museum of Natural History , Chicago, Illinois, United States
                University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, United States
                Occidental College , Los Angeles, California, United States
                University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
                University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
                Texas A&M University, College Station , Texas, United States
                University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
                Florida Museum of Natural History (FLMNH), University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, United States
                Blackburn served as the lead principal investigator for the oVert Thematic Collections Network
                University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas, United States
                California Academy of Sciences , San Francisco, California, United States
                University of California , Berkeley, in Berkeley, California, United States
                University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, United States
                Idaho State University , Pocatello, Idaho, United States
                University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, United States
                Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut, United States
                University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas, United States
                Florida Museum of Natural History (FLMNH), University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, United States
                Blackburn served as the lead principal investigator for the oVert Thematic Collections Network
                Author notes

                The oVert Project Team included many more participants, who are listed in supplemental table 1.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-9886
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-7389
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4664-8246
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-0740
                Article
                biad120
                10.1093/biosci/biad120
                10977868
                38560620
                9431fc86-655e-406a-b25b-59dcdf0276a0
                © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@ 123456oup.com

                History
                : 17 July 2023
                : 08 November 2023
                Page count
                Pages: 18
                Funding
                Funded by: National Science Foundation, DOI 10.13039/100000001;
                Award ID: DBI-1700908
                Award ID: 1701402
                Award ID: 1701516
                Award ID: 1701665
                Award ID: 1701713
                Award ID: 1701714
                Award ID: 1701737
                Award ID: 1701769
                Award ID: 1701797
                Award ID: 1701870
                Award ID: 1701932
                Award ID: 1701943
                Award ID: 1702143
                Award ID: 1702263
                Award ID: 1702421
                Award ID: 1702442
                Award ID: 1802491
                Award ID: 1902105
                Award ID: 1902242
                Award ID: 2001435
                Award ID: 2001443
                Award ID: 2001474
                Award ID: 2001652
                Award ID: 2101909
                Award ID: RCN-2226185
                Award ID: 1547229
                Funded by: Duke University, DOI 10.13039/100006510;
                Categories
                Overview Article
                AcademicSubjects/SCI00010
                AcademicSubjects/SOC02100

                comparative anatomy,computed tomography (ct),data sharing,light scanning,natural history collections,photogrammetry

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