Anti-HBV Drugs: Progress, Unmet Needs, and New Hope

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Approximately 240 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which represents a significant challenge to public health. The current goal in treating chronic HBV infection is to block progression of HBV-related liver injury and inflammation to end-stage liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, because we are unable to eliminate chronic HBV infection. Available therapies for chronic HBV infection mainly include nucleos/tide analogues (NAs), non-NAs, and immunomodulatory agents. However, none of them is able to clear chronic HBV infection. Thus, a new generation of anti-HBV drugs is urgently needed. Progress has been made in the development and testing of new therapeutics against chronic HBV infection. This review aims to summarize the state of the art in new HBV drug research and development and to forecast research and development trends and directions in the near future.

Related collections

Most cited references 87

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy.

Drew M Pardoll (2012)

Among the most promising approaches to activating therapeutic antitumour immunity is the blockade of immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoints refer to a plethora of inhibitory pathways hardwired into the immune system that are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance and modulating the duration and amplitude of physiological immune responses in peripheral tissues in order to minimize collateral tissue damage. It is now clear that tumours co-opt certain immune-checkpoint pathways as a major mechanism of immune resistance, particularly against T cells that are specific for tumour antigens. Because many of the immune checkpoints are initiated by ligand-receptor interactions, they can be readily blocked by antibodies or modulated by recombinant forms of ligands or receptors. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) antibodies were the first of this class of immunotherapeutics to achieve US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Preliminary clinical findings with blockers of additional immune-checkpoint proteins, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), indicate broad and diverse opportunities to enhance antitumour immunity with the potential to produce durable clinical responses.

0 comments Cited 5156 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Is Open Access

Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus

Huan Yan, Guocai Zhong, Guangwei Xu … (2012)

Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HBV-related diseases remain a major public health problem. Individuals coinfected with its satellite hepatitis D virus (HDV) have more severe disease. Cellular entry of both viruses is mediated by HBV envelope proteins. The pre-S1 domain of the large envelope protein is a key determinant for receptor(s) binding. However, the identity of the receptor(s) is unknown. Here, by using near zero distance photo-cross-linking and tandem affinity purification, we revealed that the receptor-binding region of pre-S1 specifically interacts with sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), a multiple transmembrane transporter predominantly expressed in the liver. Silencing NTCP inhibited HBV and HDV infection, while exogenous NTCP expression rendered nonsusceptible hepatocarcinoma cells susceptible to these viral infections. Moreover, replacing amino acids 157–165 of nonfunctional monkey NTCP with the human counterpart conferred its ability in supporting both viral infections. Our results demonstrate that NTCP is a functional receptor for HBV and HDV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00049.001

0 comments Cited 698 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2012 update.

Yun-Fan Liaw, Jia-Horng Kao, Teerha Piratvisuth … (2012)

Large volume of new data on the natural history and treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have become available since 2008. These include further studies in asymptomatic subjects with chronic HBV infection and community-based cohorts, the role of HBV genotype/naturally occurring HBV mutations, the application of non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis and quantitation of HBV surface antigen and new drug or new strategies towards more effective therapy. To update HBV management guidelines, relevant new data were reviewed and assessed by experts from the region, and the significance of the reported findings was discussed and debated. The earlier "Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B" was revised accordingly. The key terms used in the statement were also defined. The new guidelines include general management, indications for fibrosis assessment, time to start or stop drug therapy, choice of drug to initiate therapy, when and how to monitor the patients during and after stopping drug therapy. Recommendations on the therapy of patients in special circumstances, including women in childbearing age, patients with antiviral drug resistance, concurrent viral infection, hepatic decompensation, patients receiving immune suppression or chemotherapy and patients in the setting of liver transplantation and hepatocellular carcinoma, are also included.

0 comments Cited 235 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

David Boehr: Role: Academic Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Viruses

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Viruses

Journal ID (publisher-id): viruses

Title: Viruses

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1999-4915

Publication date (Electronic): 15 September 2015

Publication date Collection: September 2015

Volume: 7

Issue: 9

Pages: 4960-4977

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 650 New Songjiang Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China; lakekang@ 123456163.com (L.K.); pan_jiaqian@ 123456163.com (J.P.); sq15895820107@ 123456126.com (Q.S.)

[2 ]Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, 57 Xingning Road, Ningbo 315040, China; xjtuwjf@ 123456163.com

[3 ]Department of Pharmacy, The Third Staff Hospital of Baogang Group, 15 Qingnian Road, Baotou 014010, China; hujiali1989@ 123456126.com

Author notes

[†]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

[* ] angel_tj99@ 123456126.com ; Tel.: +86-21-3779-8317; Fax: +86-21-3779-8605

Article

Publisher ID: viruses-07-02854

DOI: 10.3390/v7092854

PMC ID: 4584298

PubMed ID: 26389937

SO-VID: 947eac82-f41d-467f-a0e3-bb7baee03ca8

License:

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Anti-HBV Drugs: Progress, Unmet Needs, and New Hope

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

Role of Microbes in Soil Fertility and Human Health

Most cited references 87

The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy.

Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus

Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2012 update.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 286

Cited by 10

Most referenced authors 2,225