Changes in nascent chromatin structure regulate activation of the pro-fibrotic transcriptome and myofibroblast emergence in organ fibrosis

Summary

Cell reprogramming to a myofibroblast responsible for the pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix is fundamental to the onset of fibrosis. Here, we explored how condensed chromatin structure marked by H3K72me3 becomes modified to allow for activation of repressed genes to drive emergence of myofibroblasts. In the early stages of myofibroblast precursor cell differentiation, we discovered that H3K27me3 demethylase enzymes UTX/KDM6B creates a delay in the accumulation of H3K27me3 on nascent DNA revealing a period of decondensed chromatin structure . This period of decondensed nascent chromatin structure allows for binding of pro-fibrotic transcription factor, Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) to nascent DNA. Inhibition of UTX/KDM6B enzymatic activity condenses chromatin structure, prevents MRTF-A binding, blocks activation of the pro-fibrotic transcriptome, and results in an inhibition of fibrosis in lens and lung fibrosis models. Our work reveals UTX/KDM6B as central coordinators of fibrosis, highlighting the potential to target its demethylase activity to prevent organ fibrosis.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

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  UTX/KDM6B decondenses nascent chromatin structure for myofibroblast differentiation

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  Inhibiting UTX/KDM6B condenses chromatin to block fibrotic transcriptome activation

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  UTX/KDM6B inhibition blocks myofibroblast emergence and fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) production

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  Targeting UTX/KDM6B has potential therapeutic application in lens and lung fibrosis

Abstract

Epigenetics; Molecular mechanism of gene regulation; Molecular physiology; Transcriptomics