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      Medical devices in allergy practice

      review-article
      a , , b , c , d , b , e , f , g , h , i , j , k
      The World Allergy Organization Journal
      World Allergy Organization
      Medical devices, Allergy, Allergology, Allergy diagnosis, Skin tests, Asthma, Lung function tests, m-health, Airway inflammation, Allergic rhinitis, AAP, Asthma Action Plan, ATS, American Thoracic Society, CE mark, Conformité Européenne mark, CO, Carbon monoxide, DPIs, Dry Powder Inhalers, EAI/AAI, Epinephrine/Adrenaline Auto-Injector, EBC, Exhaled Breath Condensate, EBT, Exhaled Breath Temperature, EDS, Exhalation Delivery Systems, EMA, European Medicines Agency, ERS, European Respiratory Society, ERV, Expiratory Reserve Volume, FDA, Food and Drug Administration, FEF, Forced Expiratory Flows, FeNO, Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide, FEV1, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second, FOT, Forced Oscillation Technique, FRC, Functional Residual Capacity, FVC, Forced Vital Capacity, GLI, Global Lung Function Initiative, IOS, Impulse Oscillometry, IRV, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, MDPS, Metered-Dose Pump Sprays, NDDD, Nasal Drug Delivery Device, NO, Nitric oxide, PDMI, Pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler, PEF, Peak Expiratory Flow, PhPT, Photopatch tests, PNIF, Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow, Ppb, part per billion, PT, Patch Tests, RV, Residual Volume, SPT, Skin Prick Test, TLC, Total Lung Capacity, UV, Ultra Violet, VC, Vital Capacity, VT, Tidal Volume, WAO, World Allergy Organization, WHO, World Health Organization

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          Abstract

          Medical devices provide people with some health benefits in terms of diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and monitoring of disease processes. Different medical specialties use varieties of medical devices more or less specific for them. Allergology is an interdisciplinary field of medical science and teaches that allergic reactions are of systemic nature but can express themselves at the level of different organs across the life cycle of an individual. Subsequently, medical devices used in allergology could be regarded as: 1) general, servicing the integral diagnostic and management principles and features of allergology, and 2) organ specific, which are shared by organ specific disciplines like pulmonology, otorhinolaryngology, dermatology, and others. The present position paper of the World Allergy Organization (WAO) is meant to be the first integral document providing structured information on medical devices in allergology used in daily routine but also needed for sophisticated diagnostic purposes and modern disease management. It is supposed to contribute to the transformation of the health care system into integrated care pathways for interrelated comorbidities.

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          Most cited references184

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          The development of allergic inflammation.

          Allergic disorders, such as anaphylaxis, hay fever, eczema and asthma, now afflict roughly 25% of people in the developed world. In allergic subjects, persistent or repetitive exposure to allergens, which typically are intrinsically innocuous substances common in the environment, results in chronic allergic inflammation. This in turn produces long-term changes in the structure of the affected organs and substantial abnormalities in their function. It is therefore important to understand the characteristics and consequences of acute and chronic allergic inflammation, and in particular to explore how mast cells can contribute to several features of this maladaptive pattern of immunological reactivity.
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            European Society of Contact Dermatitis guideline for diagnostic patch testing - recommendations on best practice.

            The present guideline summarizes all aspects of patch testing for the diagnosis of contact allergy in patients suspected of suffering, or having been suffering, from allergic contact dermatitis or other delayed-type hypersensitivity skin and mucosal conditions. Sections with brief descriptions and discussions of different pertinent topics are followed by a highlighted short practical recommendation. Topics comprise, after an introduction with important definitions, materials, technique, modifications of epicutaneous testing, individual factors influencing the patch test outcome or necessitating special considerations, children, patients with occupational contact dermatitis and drug eruptions as special groups, patch testing of materials brought in by the patient, adverse effects of patch testing, and the final evaluation and patient counselling based on this judgement. Finally, short reference is made to aspects of (continuing) medical education and to electronic collection of data for epidemiological surveillance.
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              Practical guide to skin prick tests in allergy to aeroallergens.

              This pocket guide is the result of a consensus reached between members of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2) LEN) and Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). The aim of the current pocket guide is to offer a comprehensive set of recommendations on the use of skin prick tests in allergic rhinitis-conjunctivitis and asthma in daily practice. This pocket guide is meant to give simple answers to the most frequent questions raised by practitioners in Europe, including 'practicing allergists', general practitioners and any other physicians with special interest in the management of allergic diseases. It is not a long or detailed scientific review of the topic. However, the recommendations in this pocket guide were compiled following an in-depth review of existing guidelines and publications, including the 1993 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology position paper, the 2001 ARIA document and the ARIA update 2008 (prepared in collaboration with GA(2) LEN). The recommendations cover skin test methodology and interpretation, allergen extracts to be used, as well as indications in a variety of settings including paediatrics and developing countries. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                World Allergy Organ J
                The World Allergy Organization Journal
                World Allergy Organization
                1939-4551
                30 September 2020
                October 2020
                30 September 2020
                : 13
                : 10
                : 100466
                Affiliations
                [a ]University Hospital Sv. Ivan Rilski, Sofia, Bulgaria
                [b ]University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
                [c ]Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
                [d ]Srebrnjak Children's Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
                [e ]Marina Baixa Hospital, Villajoyosa, Alicante, Spain
                [f ]The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
                [g ]Eye and Ear University Hospital in Beirut, Lebanon
                [h ]Hospital CUF-Descobertas, Lisboa, Portugal
                [i ]Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
                [j ]Nanjing Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
                [k ]Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia, Erandio, Bilbao, Spain
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author. University Hospital “Sv. Ivan Rilski”, Clinic of Occupational Diseases, 13, Urvich St., 1612, Sofia, Bulgaria. ted.popov@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1939-4551(20)30369-0 100466
                10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100466
                7529824
                9d96a4d9-6f87-4e35-b96d-0c7545b1755f
                © 2020 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 6 May 2020
                : 22 August 2020
                : 3 September 2020
                Categories
                Article

                Immunology
                medical devices,allergy,allergology,allergy diagnosis,skin tests,asthma,lung function tests,m-health,airway inflammation,allergic rhinitis,aap, asthma action plan,ats, american thoracic society,ce mark, conformité européenne mark,co, carbon monoxide,dpis, dry powder inhalers,eai/aai, epinephrine/adrenaline auto-injector,ebc, exhaled breath condensate,ebt, exhaled breath temperature,eds, exhalation delivery systems,ema, european medicines agency,ers, european respiratory society,erv, expiratory reserve volume,fda, food and drug administration,fef, forced expiratory flows,feno, fractional exhaled nitric oxide,fev1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second,fot, forced oscillation technique,frc, functional residual capacity,fvc, forced vital capacity,gli, global lung function initiative,ios, impulse oscillometry,irv, inspiratory reserve volume,mdps, metered-dose pump sprays,nddd, nasal drug delivery device,no, nitric oxide,pdmi, pressurized metered dose inhaler,pef, peak expiratory flow,phpt, photopatch tests,pnif, peak nasal inspiratory flow,ppb, part per billion,pt, patch tests,rv, residual volume,spt, skin prick test,tlc, total lung capacity,uv, ultra violet,vc, vital capacity,vt, tidal volume,wao, world allergy organization,who, world health organization

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