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      Effect of Cannabidiol on Medial Temporal, Midbrain, and Striatal Dysfunction in People at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis : A Randomized Clinical Trial

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          Abstract

          Cannabidiol (CBD) has antipsychotic effects in humans, but how these are mediated in the brain remains unclear.

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          Dysregulation of the dopamine system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression.

          Anthony Grace (2016)
          The dopamine system is unique among the brain's modulatory systems in that it has discrete projections to specific brain regions involved in motor behaviour, cognition and emotion. Dopamine neurons exhibit several activity patterns - including tonic and phasic firing - that are determined by a combination of endogenous pacemaker conductances and regulation by multiple afferent systems. Emerging evidence suggests that disruptions in these regulatory systems may underlie the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and depression.
          Article 0 comments Cited 342 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia control access to working memory.

            Fiona McNab, Torkel Klingberg (2008)
            Our capacity to store information in working memory might be determined by the degree to which only relevant information is remembered. The question remains as to how this selection of relevant items to be remembered is accomplished. Here we show that activity in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia preceded the filtering of irrelevant information and that activity, particularly in the globus pallidus, predicted the extent to which only relevant information is stored. The preceding frontal and basal ganglia activity were also associated with inter-individual differences in working memory capacity. These findings reveal a mechanism by which frontal and basal ganglia activity exerts attentional control over access to working memory storage in the parietal cortex in humans, and makes an important contribution to inter-individual differences in working memory capacity.
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              Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report.

              Antonio Zuardi, T. Micelli Ferrari, K. Ashlee McGuire … (2010)
              Animal and human studies indicate that cannabidiol (CBD), a major constituent of cannabis, has anxiolytic properties. However, no study to date has investigated the effects of this compound on human pathological anxiety and its underlying brain mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate this in patients with generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD) using functional neuroimaging. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at rest was measured twice using (99m)Tc-ECD SPECT in 10 treatment-naïve patients with SAD. In the first session, subjects were given an oral dose of CBD (400 mg) or placebo, in a double-blind procedure. In the second session, the same procedure was performed using the drug that had not been administered in the previous session. Within-subject between-condition rCBF comparisons were performed using statistical parametric mapping. Relative to placebo, CBD was associated with significantly decreased subjective anxiety (p < 0.001), reduced ECD uptake in the left parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, and inferior temporal gyrus (p < 0.001, uncorrected), and increased ECD uptake in the right posterior cingulate gyrus (p < 0.001, uncorrected). These results suggest that CBD reduces anxiety in SAD and that this is related to its effects on activity in limbic and paralimbic brain areas.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: JAMA Psychiatry
                Abbreviated Title: JAMA Psychiatry
                Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
                ISSN (Print): 2168-622X
                Publication date Created: November 01 2018
                Publication date (Print): November 01 2018
                Volume: 75
                Issue: 11
                Page: 1107
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
                [2 ]Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
                [3 ]CAMEO Early Intervention Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
                [4 ]Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
                [5 ]Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
                Article
                DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2309
                PMC ID: 6248101
                PubMed ID: 30167644
                SO-VID: a07b8858-d228-4cc6-ba1b-df86427524d9
                Copyright © © 2018
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