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      Natural Product Potential of the Genus Nocardiopsis

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          Abstract

          Actinomycetes are a relevant source of novel bioactive compounds. One of the pharmaceutically and biotechnologically important genera that attract natural products research is the genus Nocardiopsis, mainly for its ability to produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites accounting for its wide range of biological activities. This review covers the literature from January 2015 until February 2018 making a complete survey of all the compounds that were isolated from the genus Nocardiopsis, their biological activities, and natural sources, whenever applicable.

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          The genus Nocardiopsis represents a phylogenetically coherent taxon and a distinct actinomycete lineage: proposal of Nocardiopsaceae fam. nov.

          N Rainey, R M Kroppenstedt, E Stackebrandt … (1996)
          The genus Nocardiopsis was shown to be phylogenetically coherent and to represent a distinct lineage within the radiation of the order Actinomycetales. The closest relatives of the genus Nocardiopsis are members of the genera Actinomadura, Thermomonospora, Streptosporangium, and Microtetraspora. The intrageneric structure of the genus Nocardiopsis is shown to consist of a highly related species group containing Nocardiopsis dassonvillei, Nocardiopsis alborubida, and Nocardiopsis antarctica and a second group of less highly related species comprising Nocardiopsis alba subsp. alba, Nocardiopsis alba subsp. prasina, and Nocardiopsis listeri. Nocardiopsis lucentensis occupies a position intermediate between the two species groups. The results of a 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis are generally consistent with the available chemotaxonomic, phenotypic, and DNA-DNA hybridization data. The phylogenetic position and the morpho- and chemotaxonomic properties of Nocardiopsis species support the creation of a family for the genus Nocardiopsis, Nocardiopsaceae fam. nov.
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            Pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites of marine actinobacteria.

            Il-kwon Kim, Jayachandran Venkatesan, Panchanathan Manivasagan … (2014)
            Marine actinobacteria are one of the most efficient groups of secondary metabolite producers and are very important from an industrial point of view. Many representatives of the order Actinomycetales are prolific producers of thousands of biologically active secondary metabolites. Actinobacteria from terrestrial sources have been studied and screened since the 1950s, for many important antibiotics, anticancer, antitumor and immunosuppressive agents. However, frequent rediscovery of the same compounds from the terrestrial actinobacteria has made them less attractive for screening programs in the recent years. At the same time, actinobacteria isolated from the marine environment have currently received considerable attention due to the structural diversity and unique biological activities of their secondary metabolites. They are efficient producers of new secondary metabolites that show a range of biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antitumor, cytotoxic, cytostatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, anti-malaria, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-angiogenesis, etc. In this review, an evaluation is made on the current status of research on marine actinobacteria yielding pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites. Bioactive compounds from marine actinobacteria possess distinct chemical structures that may form the basis for synthesis of new drugs that could be used to combat resistant pathogens. With the increasing advancement in science and technology, there would be a greater demand for new bioactive compounds synthesized by actinobacteria from various marine sources in future. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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              Marine actinobacteria: an important source of bioactive natural products.

              Hyun-Myung Oh, Kyong-Hwa Kang, Kannan Sivakumar … (2014)
              Marine environment is largely an untapped source for deriving actinobacteria, having potential to produce novel, bioactive natural products. Actinobacteria are the prolific producers of pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites, accounting for about 70% of the naturally derived compounds that are currently in clinical use. Among the various actinobacterial genera, Actinomadura, Actinoplanes, Amycolatopsis, Marinispora, Micromonospora, Nocardiopsis, Saccharopolyspora, Salinispora, Streptomyces and Verrucosispora are the major potential producers of commercially important bioactive natural products. In this respect, Streptomyces ranks first with a large number of bioactive natural products. Marine actinobacteria are unique enhancing quite different biological properties including antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, insecticidal and enzyme inhibitory activities. They have attracted global in the last ten years for their ability to produce pharmaceutically active compounds. In this review, we have focused attention on the bioactive natural products isolated from marine actinobacteria, possessing unique chemical structures that may form the basis for synthesis of novel drugs that could be used to combat resistant pathogenic microorganisms.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mar Drugs
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mar Drugs
                Journal ID (publisher-id): marinedrugs
                Title: Marine Drugs
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-3397
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 April 2018
                Publication date Collection: May 2018
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: 147
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt; dralyaahatem@ 123456gmail.com
                [2 ]Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; drsamaryehia@ 123456gmail.com (S.Y.D.); m_fouad2000@ 123456yahoo.com (M.A.F.)
                [3 ]Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City, Minia 61111, Egypt; mskamel2@ 123456gmail.com
                [4 ]Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraβe 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: tobias.gulder@ 123456ch.tum.de (T.A.M.G.); usama.ramadan@ 123456mu.edu.eg (U.R.A.); Tel.: +49-89-289-13833 (T.A.M.G); +20-86234-9075 (U.R.A.); Fax: +020-86237-6678 (U.R.A)
                Article
                Publisher ID: marinedrugs-16-00147
                DOI: 10.3390/md16050147
                PMC ID: 5983278
                PubMed ID: 29710816
                SO-VID: a60685ba-e90a-4b58-85fb-8437f0f2d7b7
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 01 April 2018
                Date accepted : 26 April 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: bioactive,actinomycetes,nocardiopsis,natural products,diversity
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: bioactive, actinomycetes, nocardiopsis, natural products, diversity

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