Aqueous Extracts of the Edible  Gracilaria tenuistipitata  are Protective Against H 2 O 2 -Induced DNA Damage, Growth Inhibition, and Cell Cycle Arrest

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Abstract

Potential antioxidant properties of an aqueous extract of the edible red seaweed Gracilaria tenuistipitata (AEGT) against oxidative DNA damage were evaluated. The AEGT revealed several antioxidant molecules, including phenolics, flavonoids and ascorbic acid. In a cell-free assay, the extract exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity that significantly reduced H ₂O ₂-induced plasmid DNA breaks in a dose-response manner ( P < 0.001). The AEGT also suppressed H ₂O ₂-induced oxidative DNA damage in H1299 cells by reducing the percentage of damaged DNA in a dose-response manner ( P < 0.001) as measured by a modified alkaline comet-nuclear extract (comet-NE) assay. The MTT assay results showed that AEGT confers significant protection against H ₂O ₂-induced cytotoxicity and that AEGT itself is not cytotoxic ( P < 0.001). Moreover, H ₂O ₂-induced cell cycle G2/M arrest was significantly released when cells were co-treated with different concentrations of AEGT ( P < 0.001). Taken together, these findings suggest that edible red algae Gracilaria water extract can prevent H ₂O ₂-induced oxidative DNA damage and its related cellular responses.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules

Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules

Title: Molecules

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049

Publication date (Electronic): 13 June 2012

Publication date Collection: June 2012

Volume: 17

Issue: 6

Pages: 7241-7254

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan

[2 ]Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan

[3 ]Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan

[4 ]Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan

[5 ]Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan

Author notes

[* ] Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; Email: cntseng@ 123456kmu.edu.tw (C.-N.T.) changhw@ 123456kmu.edu.tw (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.); Fax: +886-7-312-5339 (H.-W.C.).

Article

Publisher ID: molecules-17-07241

DOI: 10.3390/molecules17067241

PMC ID: 6268842

PubMed ID: 22695230

SO-VID: a8817cc3-726f-47d3-a7db-c4bf2babe7a7

License:

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

History

Date received : 16 April 2012

Date revision received : 05 June 2012

Date accepted : 07 June 2012

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