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      Genetic Association of XRCC1 Gene rs1799782, rs25487 and rs25489 Polymorphisms with Risk of Thyroid Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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          Abstract

          Background:

          A number of case-control studies have evaluated associations between the X-ray cross complementary group 1 protein (XRCC1) gene rs1799782 (Arg194Trp), rs25487 (Arg399Gln) and rs25489 (Arg280His) polymorphisms and thyroid cancer (TC) risk, but the results remain inconclusive.

          Materials and Methods:

          A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar Search. According to defined criteria data were extracted and pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated under five genetic models.

          Results:

          A total of 8 studies with 1,672 cases and 2,805 controls for the rs1799782 polymorphism, 14 studies with 2,506 cases and 5,180 controls for the rs25487 polymorphism, and 11 studies with 2,197 cases and 4,761 controls for the rs25489 polymorphism were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, there was a statistical association between XRCC1 rs1799782 polymorphism and TC risk with the homozygote genetic model (TT vs. CC: OR = 1.815, 95% CI = 1.115-2.953, p= 0.016) and the recessive genetic model (TT vs. TC+ CC: OR = 1.854, 95% CI = 1.433-2.399, p= <0.001). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased TC risk was observed only in Asians under the recessive model (TT vs. TC+ CC: OR = 1.816, 95% CI = 1.398-2.358, p= <0.001). In addition, there was no positive association between XRCC1 rs25487 and rs25489 polymorphisms and risk of TC. However, there was a significant association between XRCC1 rs25487 polymorphism risk of TC among Caucasians with allele genetic comparison (A vs. G: OR= 0.882, 95% CI = 0.794-0.979, p= 0.136) and dominant genetic comparison (AA+AG vs. GG: OR=0.838, 95% CI = 0.728-0.965, p= 0.014).

          Conclusions:

          The results of our meta-analysis suggest an increased risk of TC with the XRCC1 rs1799782 and rs25487 polymorphisms. However, the XRCC1 rs25489 polymorphism appeared to be without influence.

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          The increasing incidence of thyroid cancer: the influence of access to care.

          Luc G T Morris, Andrew G Sikora, Tor Tosteson … (2013)
          The rapidly rising incidence of papillary thyroid cancer may be due to overdiagnosis of a reservoir of subclinical disease. To conclude that overdiagnosis is occurring, evidence for an association between access to health care and the incidence of cancer is necessary. We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data to examine U.S. papillary thyroid cancer incidence trends in Medicare-age and non-Medicare-age cohorts over three decades. We performed an ecologic analysis across 497 U.S. counties, examining the association of nine county-level socioeconomic markers of health care access and the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer incidence is rising most rapidly in Americans over age 65 years (annual percentage change, 8.8%), who have broad health insurance coverage through Medicare. Among those under 65, in whom health insurance coverage is not universal, the rate of increase has been slower (annual percentage change, 6.4%). Over three decades, the mortality rate from thyroid cancer has not changed. Across U.S. counties, incidence ranged widely, from 0 to 29.7 per 100,000. County papillary thyroid cancer incidence was significantly correlated with all nine sociodemographic markers of health care access: it was positively correlated with rates of college education, white-collar employment, and family income; and negatively correlated with the percentage of residents who were uninsured, in poverty, unemployed, of nonwhite ethnicity, non-English speaking, and lacking high school education. Markers for higher levels of health care access, both sociodemographic and age-based, are associated with higher papillary thyroid cancer incidence rates. More papillary thyroid cancers are diagnosed among populations with wider access to healthcare. Despite the threefold increase in incidence over three decades, the mortality rate remains unchanged. Together with the large subclinical reservoir of occult papillary thyroid cancers, these data provide supportive evidence for the widespread overdiagnosis of this entity.
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            The rising burden of cancer in the developing world.

            P Kanavos (2006)
            Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is predicted that by 2020, the number of new cases of cancer in the world will increase to more than 15 million, with deaths increasing to 12 million. Much of the burden of cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality will occur in the developing world. This forms part of a larger epidemiological transition in which the burden of chronic, non-communicable disease-once limited to industrialized nations-is now increasing in less developed countries. In addition to the accumulating risks associated with diet, tobacco, alcohol, lack of exercise, and industrial exposures, the developing world is already burdened by cancers some of which are attributable to infectious diseases. These disparities in cancer risk combined with poor access to epidemiological data, research, treatment, and cancer control and prevention combine to result in significantly poorer survival rates in developing countries for a range of specific malignancies. This paper summarizes the recent trends in the epidemiology and survival of cancers in the developing and developed world, and explores potential causes and policy responses to the disproportionate and growing cancer burden in less developed countries. Such responses may include raising awareness as well as education and training to foster better informed decision-making, together with improved cancer surveillance, early detection and emphasis on prevention. Improved health care financing and international initiatives and/or partnerships could also provide additional impetus in targeting resources where needed urgently.
            Article 0 comments Cited 117 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Increase in studies of publication bias coincided with increasing use of meta-analysis.

              F-f Song, S Gilbody (1998)
              Article 0 comments Cited 76 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev
                Title: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP
                Publisher: West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (Iran )
                ISSN (Print): 1513-7368
                ISSN (Electronic): 2476-762X
                Publication date (Print): 2017
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 263-270
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of General Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
                [2 ] Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
                [3 ] Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
                [4 ] Department of Medical Genetics, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
                [5 ] Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: APJCP-18-263
                DOI: 10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.263
                PMC ID: 5563111
                PubMed ID: 28240845
                SO-VID: a91b5dfe-689a-4f1f-83b8-aa9ece51e14c
                Copyright © Copyright: © Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: thyroid cancer,xrcc1 gene,polymorphism,association,meta-analysis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: thyroid cancer, xrcc1 gene, polymorphism, association, meta-analysis

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