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      Associação das condições sociais e econômicas com a incidência dos problemas com o sono durante a pandemia de COVID-19 Translated title: Association of social and economic conditions with the incidence of sleep disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic Translated title: Asociación de las condiciones sociales y económicas con la incidencia de problemas con el sueño durante la pandemia de COVID-19

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          Abstract

          Resumo: O sono é importante para a manutenção da saúde física, emocional e para o bem-estar. Poucos estudos avaliaram o efeito das condições socioeconômicas no sono no período da COVID-19. O objetivo foi analisar o aumento ou a incidência dos problemas do sono segundo condições demográficas e econômicas, prévias à pandemia, e segundo mudanças nas condições financeiras, ocupacionais e tarefas domésticas durante a pandemia. Estudo realizado via web, usando dados de 24 de abril a 24 de maio, com 45.160 brasileiros (18 ou mais), com amostra ponderada pelos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD). Mudança na qualidade do sono (desfecho), renda mensal, efeito na renda familiar, na ocupação/trabalho, sexo, faixa etária, situação conjugal e alteração no trabalho doméstico (exposições) foram reportados. Estimamos os percentuais de início ou aumento dos problemas com o sono e os OR ajustados. A chance de exacerbação dos problemas com o sono foi de 34%, 71% e duas vezes maior nas pessoas com renda inferior a um salário mínimo antes da pandemia, nas que perderam o emprego e naquelas que tiveram a renda muito diminuída/ficaram sem renda, respectivamente. A chance de piorar os problemas do sono foi 82% maior nas mulheres; três vezes maior (OR = 3,14) na população com 18 a 29 anos, em relação aos idosos; e maior com o incremento da quantidade de tarefas domésticas (OR = 2,21). Fatores financeiros e ocupacionais foram determinantes na deterioração da qualidade do sono autorreferida, demandando ações rápidas sobre essas condições a fim de minimizar esse impacto. Gênero, faixa etária e rotinas domésticas também merecem atenção em relação à qualidade do sono.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Sleep is a fundamental aspect for maintaining physical and emotional health, as well as one’s well-being. Few studies have assessed the effect of socioeconomic conditions on sleep in the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to analyze the increase or incidence of sleep disorders according to demographic and economic conditions, prior to the pandemic, and according to changes in financial, occupational, and household conditions during the pandemic. This study was conducted via web access, using data from April 24 to May 24, with 45,160 Brazilians (aged 18 or older), with a sample weighted by Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) data. Change in sleep quality (outcome), monthly income, effect on family income, occupation/work, gender, age group, marital status, and change in domestic work (exposures) were reported. The percentages of onset or increase of sleep disorders and adjusted odds ratio were estimated. The chance of exacerbation of sleep disorders was 34%, 71%, and twice as high in people with income less than one minimum wage before the pandemic, in those who lost their job and in those who had a great decrease in their income/were without income, respectively. The chance of worsening sleep disorders was 82% higher in women; three times higher (OR = 3.14) in the population aged from 18 to 29, compared to the older adults; and higher with the increase in the amount of housework (OR = 2.21). Financial and occupational factors were determinants in the worsening of self-reported sleep quality, requiring rapid actions on these conditions in order to minimize this effect. Gender, age group, and household routines also deserve attention regarding sleep quality.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: El sueño es importante para mantener la salud física, emocional y bienestar. Pocos estudios evaluaron el efecto de las condiciones socioeconómicas en el sueño durante el período de la COVID-19. El objetivo fue analizar el aumento o incidencia de los problemas del sueño, según condiciones demográficas y económicas, previas a la pandemia, y según cambios en las condiciones financieras, ocupacionales y tareas domésticas durante la pandemia. Estudio realizado vía web, usando datos del 24 de abril al 24 de mayo, con 45 160 brasileños (18 o más), con una muestra ponderada por los datos de la Encuesta Nacional por Muestreo de Hogares (PNAD). Se informó de cambio en la calidad de sueño (desenlace), renta mensual, efecto en la renta familiar, en la ocupación/trabajo, sexo, franja etaria, situación conyugal y alteración en el trabajo doméstico (exposiciones). Estimamos los porcentajes de inicio o aumento de los problemas con el sueño y los OR ajustados. La oportunidad de exacerbación de los problemas con el sueño fue un 34%, 71% y 2 veces mayor en las personas con renta inferior a 1 salarios mínimos antes de la pandemia, en las que perdieron el empleo y en aquellas que tuvieron la renta muy disminuida/se quedaron sin renta, respectivamente. La oportunidad de empeorar los problemas de sueño fue un 82% mayor en las mujeres; tres veces mayor (OR = 3,14) en la población con 18 a 29 años, en relación con los ancianos; y mayor con el incremento de la cantidad de tareas domésticas (OR = 2,21). Los factores financieros y ocupacionales fueron determinantes en el deterioro de la calidad del sueño autoinformada, demandando acciones rápidas sobre estas condiciones, a fin de minimizar este impacto. Género, franja de edad y rutinas domésticas también merecen atención en relación con la calidad del sueño.

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          Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

          Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.
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            Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey

            Highlights • The COVID-19 outbreak significantly affects the mental health of Chinese public • During the outbreak, young people had a higher risk of anxiety than older people • Spending too much time thinking about the outbreak is harmful to mental health • Healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep
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              COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: systematic review of the current evidence

              Highlights • COVID-19 patients displayed high levels of PTSS and increased levels of depression. • Patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders reported worsening of psychiatric symptoms. • Higher levels of psychiatric symptoms were found among health care workers. • A decrease in psychological well-being was observed in the general public. • However, well conducted large-scale studies are highly needed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                2021
                : 37
                : 3
                : e00218320
                Affiliations
                [2] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde Brazil
                [3] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Escola de Enfermagem Brazil
                [1] Campinas São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Brazil
                [4] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Saúde Pública Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2021000300503 S0102-311X(21)03700300503
                10.1590/0102-311x00218320
                33950076
                acf3a6cd-da17-4104-8efb-984cd2eea0e7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 July 2020
                : 11 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
                Espaço Temático: ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos

                Sono,Social Class,Coronavirus Infections,Classe Social,Infecções por Coronavírus,Sueño,Clase Social,Infecciones por Coronavirus,Sleep

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