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      Detection of anisotropic particles in levitated optomechanics

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          Abstract

          We discuss the detection of an anisotropic particle trapped by an elliptically polarized focused Gaussian laser beam. We obtain the full rotational and translational dynamics, as well as, the measured photo-current in a general-dyne detection. As an example, we discuss a toy model of homodyne detection, which captures the main features typically found in experimental setups.

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          Measurement of the instantaneous velocity of a Brownian particle.

          Tongcang Li, Simon Kheifets, David Medellin … (2010)
          Brownian motion of particles affects many branches of science. We report on the Brownian motion of micrometer-sized beads of glass held in air by an optical tweezer, over a wide range of pressures, and we measured the instantaneous velocity of a Brownian particle. Our results provide direct verification of the energy equipartition theorem for a Brownian particle. For short times, the ballistic regime of Brownian motion was observed, in contrast to the usual diffusive regime. We discuss the applications of these methods toward cooling the center-of-mass motion of a bead in vacuum to the quantum ground motional state.
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            Interpretation of quantum jump and diffusion processes illustrated on the Bloch sphere

            H. Wiseman, G. Milburn (1993)
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              Models of Wave-function Collapse, Underlying Theories, and Experimental Tests

              Hendrik Ulbricht, Angelo Bassi, Seema Satin … (2012)
              Quantum mechanics is an extremely successful theory that agrees with every experiment. However, the principle of linear superposition, a central tenet of the theory, apparently contradicts a commonplace observation: macroscopic objects are never found in a linear superposition of position states. Moreover, the theory does not really explain as to why during a quantum measurement, deterministic evolution is replaced by probabilistic evolution, whose random outcomes obey the Born probability rule. In this article we review an experimentally falsifiable phenomenological proposal, known as Continuous Spontaneous Collapse: a stochastic non-linear modification of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation, which resolves these problems, while giving the same experimental results as quantum theory in the microscopic regime. Two underlying theories for this phenomenology are reviewed: Trace Dynamics, and gravity induced collapse. As one approaches the macroscopic scale, the predictions of this proposal begin to differ appreciably from those of quantum theory, and are being confronted by ongoing laboratory experiments that include molecular interferometry and optomechanics. These experiments, which essentially test the validity of linear superposition for large systems, are reviewed here, and their technical challenges, current results, and future prospects summarized. We conclude that it is likely that over the next two decades or so, these experiments can verify or rule out the proposed stochastic modification of quantum theory.
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                Author and article information

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                Publication date Created: 03 April 2018
                Article
                ArXiV ID: 1804.01150
                SO-VID: aeed831b-d6d6-48f7-b84b-106b0a0d172d
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                http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

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                Comments 13 pages, 1 figure
                Categories quant-ph physics.optics

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