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      Synchronous esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: A rare case report

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Multiple primary malignancies in general and synchronous cancers, in particular, are relatively rare but have increased in recent decades. We report a case of a 62-year-old Vietnamese male who visited our hospital with the chief symptom was mild dysphagia. An irregular lesion causing the total luminal obstruction was detected at the low third part of the esophagus via endoscopy and two suspicious nodules in the segment V of the liver were incidentally encountered through the Computed tomography (CT). Multiple biopsies from the lesions were then performed. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry results demonstrated Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and Hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver, which verified the existence of synchronous cancers in the patient.

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          Hepatocellular Carcinoma

          Dan L Longo, Augusto Villanueva (2019)
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            A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends, risk, prevention and management

            Ju Yang, Pierre Hainaut, Gregory J. Gores … (2019)
            Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Risk factors for HCC include chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C, alcohol addiction, metabolic liver disease (particularly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) and exposure to dietary toxins such as aflatoxins and aristolochic acid. All these risk factors are potentially preventable, highlighting the considerable potential of risk prevention for decreasing the global burden of HCC. HCC surveillance and early detection increase the chance of potentially curative treatment; however, HCC surveillance is substantially underutilized, even in countries with sufficient medical resources. Early-stage HCC can be treated curatively by local ablation, surgical resection or liver transplantation. Treatment selection depends on tumour characteristics, the severity of underlying liver dysfunction, age, other medical comorbidities, and available medical resources and local expertise. Catheter-based locoregional treatment is used in patients with intermediate-stage cancer. Kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been shown to be effective treatment options in patients with advanced-stage HCC. Together, rational deployment of prevention, attainment of global goals for viral hepatitis eradication, and improvements in HCC surveillance and therapy hold promise for achieving a substantial reduction in the worldwide HCC burden within the next few decades.
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              Oesophageal carcinoma.

              Arjun Pennathur, Michael Gibson, Blair Jobe … (2013)
              Oesophageal carcinoma affects more than 450,000 people worldwide and the incidence is rapidly increasing. Squamous-cell carcinoma is the predominant form of oesophageal carcinoma worldwide, but a shift in epidemiology has been seen in Australia, the UK, the USA, and some western European countries (eg, Finland, France, and the Netherlands), where the incidence of adenocarcinoma now exceeds that of squamous-cell types. The overall 5-year survival of patients with oesophageal carcinoma ranges from 15% to 25%. Diagnoses made at earlier stages are associated with better outcomes than those made at later stages. In this Seminar we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and staging, management, prevention, and advances in the treatment of oesophageal carcinoma. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Thuan DANG-CONG
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Radiol Case Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Radiol Case Rep
                Title: Radiology Case Reports
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 1930-0433
                Publication date PMC-release: 10 January 2022
                Publication date Collection: March 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 January 2022
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 863-868
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Histology, Embryology, Pathology and Forensic, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam
                [b ]Faculty of Basic Science, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam
                [c ]Institute of Biomedicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S1930-0433(21)00896-7
                DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.12.035
                PMC ID: 8760396
                SO-VID: af5d81a3-760d-4c43-8471-5706389c91c0
                Copyright © © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 28 November 2021
                Date revision received : 17 December 2021
                Date accepted : 19 December 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                Keywords: esophageal squamous carcinoma,hepatocellular carcinoma,synchronous cancers
                Data availability:
                Keywords: esophageal squamous carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, synchronous cancers

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