Effect of Biotitania and Titania Addition on Bioactivity and Antibacterial Properties of Calcium Silicate Cement

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Abstract

Introduction:

Nanoparticles are gaining more interest in dentistry for their antimicrobial, physical as well as other properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding two types of nanoparticles (NPs) on calcium silicate hydraulic cement’s (CSHC) unique bioactivity and antibacterial properties.

Methods and Materials:

Biotitania/AgCl NPs were synthetized and characterized for its morphology, types of formed functional groups and crystalline AgCl using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The former NPs and commercial titania (TiO2) NPs were added (0.5, 1.5 and 3-weight %) to commercial CSHS powder. A total of 140 disk-shaped specimens (10 mm×1 mm) were prepared (seven material groups per each test in addition to the eighth cell control group) to evaluate cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) after 3 and 12 days, respectively. All were incubated with mesenchymal stem cells. Antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) was evaluated through the bacterial growth curve slopes while being in direct contact with the tested material groups for 18 h. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey’s tests were used to analyze the obtained data.

Results:

Addition of all NPs percentages had no significant effect (P 0.05) on cell viability in comparison to positive control CSHC. Commercial TiO2 NPs (0.5 weight %) had statistically significant lower values (P≤0.05) for bacterial growth curve slope. However, addition of all NPs percentages had significantly improved (P≤0.05) the ALP activity of CSHC with the most prominent effect to 3-weight% biotitania/AgCl NPs.

Conclusion:

Based on this in vitro study, addition of biotitania/AgCl NPs up to 3-weight% significantly improved the bioactivity of CSHC without having a significant negative impact on its antibacterial efficacy. Interestingly, the addition of commercial TiO2 even in small amounts can significantly improve CSHC antibacterial efficacy.

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Most cited references 43

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Is Open Access

Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by Microorganisms and Their Applications

Xiangqian Li, Huizhong Xu, Zhe-Sheng Chen … (2011)

The development of eco-friendly technologies in material synthesis is of considerable importance to expand their biological applications. Nowadays, a variety of inorganic nanoparticles with well-defined chemical composition, size, and morphology have been synthesized by using different microorganisms, and their applications in many cutting-edge technological areas have been explored. This paper highlights the recent developments of the biosynthesis of inorganic nanoparticles including metallic nanoparticles, oxide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, and other typical nanoparticles. Different formation mechanisms of these nanoparticles will be discussed as well. The conditions to control the size/shape and stability of particles are summarized. The applications of these biosynthesized nanoparticles in a wide spectrum of potential areas are presented including targeted drug delivery, cancer treatment, gene therapy and DNA analysis, antibacterial agents, biosensors, enhancing reaction rates, separation science, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The current limitations and future prospects for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles by microorganisms are discussed.

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Phase-pure TiO(2) nanoparticles: anatase, brookite and rutile.

Rosaly Correa-de-Araujo, G Oskam, C Cab … (2008)

We report on the synthesis of phase-pure TiO(2) nanoparticles in anatase, rutile and brookite structures, using amorphous titania as a common starting material. Phase formation was achieved by hydrothermal treatment at elevated temperatures with the appropriate reactants. Anatase nanoparticles were obtained using acetic acid, while phase-pure rutile and brookite nanoparticles were obtained with hydrochloric acid at a different concentration. The nanomaterials were characterized using x-ray diffraction, UV-visible reflectance spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. We propose that anatase formation is dominated by surface energy effects, and that rutile and brookite formation follows a dissolution-precipitation mechanism, where chains of sixfold-coordinated titanium complexes arrange into different crystal structures depending on the reactant chemistry. The particle growth kinetics under hydrothermal conditions are determined by coarsening and aggregation-recrystallization processes, allowing control over the average nanoparticle size.

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Coordinated changes of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzymes during osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.

Chien-Tsun Chen, Yu-Ru V Shih, Tom K Kuo … (2008)

The multidifferentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells holds great promise for cell therapy. Numerous studies have focused on the establishment of differentiation protocols, whereas little attention has been paid to the metabolic changes during the differentiation process. Mitochondria, the powerhouse of mammalian cells, vary in their number and function in different cell types with different energy demands, but how these variations are associated with cell differentiation remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the changes of mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetic function using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) because of their well-defined differentiation potentials. Upon osteogenic induction, the copy number of mitochondrial DNA, protein subunits of the respiratory enzymes, oxygen consumption rate, and intracellular ATP content were increased, indicating the upregulation of aerobic mitochondrial metabolism. On the other hand, undifferentiated hMSCs showed higher levels of glycolytic enzymes and lactate production rate, suggesting that hMSCs rely more on glycolysis for energy supply in comparison with hMSC-differentiated osteoblasts. In addition, we observed a dramatic decrease of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a consequence of upregulation of two antioxidant enzymes, manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase and catalase. Finally, we found that exogenous H(2)O(2) and mitochondrial inhibitors could retard the osteogenic differentiation. These findings suggested an energy production transition from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in hMSCs upon osteogenic induction. Meanwhile, antioxidant enzymes were concurrently upregulated to prevent the accumulation of intracellular ROS. Together, our findings suggest that coordinated regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzymes occurs synergistically during osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran Endod J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran Endod J

Journal ID (publisher-id): IEJ

Title: Iranian Endodontic Journal

Publisher: Iranian Center for Endodontic Research (Tehran, Iran )

ISSN (Print): 1735-7497

ISSN (Electronic): 2008-2746

Publication date (Print): Summer 2020

Volume: 15

Issue: 3

Pages: 173-182

Affiliations

[a ] Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dental and Oral Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt;

[b ] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;

[c ] Basic Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Delta University of Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt;

[d ] Department of Refractories, Ceramic & Building Materials, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt and Faculty of Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author: Salma M Fathy, Dental Biomaterials Dept., Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt. Tel: +20-100 0153552, E-mail: Salmafathy_dent@mans.edu.eg

Article

DOI: 10.22037/iej.v15i3.28490

PMC ID: 9709847

PubMed ID: 36703805

SO-VID: af9068bd-4066-411d-aa59-20426bfa8299

License:

This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International.( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)

History

Date received : 28 January 2020

Date revision received : 3 June 2020

Date accepted : 15 June 2020

Effect of Biotitania and Titania Addition on Bioactivity and Antibacterial Properties of Calcium Silicate Cement

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Abstract

Introduction:

Methods and Materials:

Results:

Conclusion:

Related collections

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine (AJFSFM)

Most cited references 43

Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by Microorganisms and Their Applications

Phase-pure TiO(2) nanoparticles: anatase, brookite and rutile.

Coordinated changes of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzymes during osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.

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