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      Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by Microorganisms and Their Applications

      1 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 4
      Journal of Nanomaterials
      Hindawi Limited

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          Abstract

          The development of eco-friendly technologies in material synthesis is of considerable importance to expand their biological applications. Nowadays, a variety of inorganic nanoparticles with well-defined chemical composition, size, and morphology have been synthesized by using different microorganisms, and their applications in many cutting-edge technological areas have been explored. This paper highlights the recent developments of the biosynthesis of inorganic nanoparticles including metallic nanoparticles, oxide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, and other typical nanoparticles. Different formation mechanisms of these nanoparticles will be discussed as well. The conditions to control the size/shape and stability of particles are summarized. The applications of these biosynthesized nanoparticles in a wide spectrum of potential areas are presented including targeted drug delivery, cancer treatment, gene therapy and DNA analysis, antibacterial agents, biosensors, enhancing reaction rates, separation science, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The current limitations and future prospects for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles by microorganisms are discussed.

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          Most cited references94

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          The operated Markov´s chains in economy (discrete chains of Markov with the income)

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            Quantum dot bioconjugates for ultrasensitive nonisotopic detection.

            W Chan, S Nie (1998)
            Highly luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (zinc sulfide-capped cadmium selenide) have been covalently coupled to biomolecules for use in ultrasensitive biological detection. In comparison with organic dyes such as rhodamine, this class of luminescent labels is 20 times as bright, 100 times as stable against photobleaching, and one-third as wide in spectral linewidth. These nanometer-sized conjugates are water-soluble and biocompatible. Quantum dots that were labeled with the protein transferrin underwent receptor-mediated endocytosis in cultured HeLa cells, and those dots that were labeled with immunomolecules recognized specific antibodies or antigens.
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              Gold nanoparticles for biology and medicine.

              Gold colloids have fascinated scientists for over a century and are now heavily utilized in chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine. Today these materials can be synthesized reproducibly, modified with seemingly limitless chemical functional groups, and, in certain cases, characterized with atomic-level precision. This Review highlights recent advances in the synthesis, bioconjugation, and cellular uses of gold nanoconjugates. There are now many examples of highly sensitive and selective assays based upon gold nanoconjugates. In recent years, focus has turned to therapeutic possibilities for such materials. Structures which behave as gene-regulating agents, drug carriers, imaging agents, and photoresponsive therapeutics have been developed and studied in the context of cells and many debilitating diseases. These structures are not simply chosen as alternatives to molecule-based systems, but rather for their new physical and chemical properties, which confer substantive advantages in cellular and medical applications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Nanomaterials
                Journal of Nanomaterials
                Hindawi Limited
                1687-4110
                1687-4129
                2011
                2011
                : 2011
                : 1-16
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
                [2 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Queens, NY 11439, USA
                [3 ]Department of Physics, St. John's College of Liberal Arts and Science, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
                [4 ]Department of Chemistry, St. John's College of Liberal Arts and Science, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
                Article
                10.1155/2011/270974
                21808638
                fc6bb3b5-573a-442f-953d-916c489cabc4
                © 2011

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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