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      Ultrasonic Songs of Male Mice

      research-article
      Author(s): 1 , , 1
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      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PLoS Biology
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          Previously it was shown that male mice, when they encounter female mice or their pheromones, emit ultrasonic vocalizations with frequencies ranging over 30–110 kHz. Here, we show that these vocalizations have the characteristics of song, consisting of several different syllable types, whose temporal sequencing includes the utterance of repeated phrases. Individual males produce songs with characteristic syllabic and temporal structure. This study provides a quantitative initial description of male mouse songs, and opens the possibility of studying song production and perception in an established genetic model organism.

          Abstract

          Vocalizations emitted by male mice when encoutering female pheromones have the characteristics of song, including temporal structure and repeated syllables.

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          A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder.

          Cecilia S L Lai, Simon E. Fisher, Jane Hurst … (2001)
          Individuals affected with developmental disorders of speech and language have substantial difficulty acquiring expressive and/or receptive language in the absence of any profound sensory or neurological impairment and despite adequate intelligence and opportunity. Although studies of twins consistently indicate that a significant genetic component is involved, most families segregating speech and language deficits show complex patterns of inheritance, and a gene that predisposes individuals to such disorders has not been identified. We have studied a unique three-generation pedigree, KE, in which a severe speech and language disorder is transmitted as an autosomal-dominant monogenic trait. Our previous work mapped the locus responsible, SPCH1, to a 5.6-cM interval of region 7q31 on chromosome 7 (ref. 5). We also identified an unrelated individual, CS, in whom speech and language impairment is associated with a chromosomal translocation involving the SPCH1 interval. Here we show that the gene FOXP2, which encodes a putative transcription factor containing a polyglutamine tract and a forkhead DNA-binding domain, is directly disrupted by the translocation breakpoint in CS. In addition, we identify a point mutation in affected members of the KE family that alters an invariant amino-acid residue in the forkhead domain. Our findings suggest that FOXP2 is involved in the developmental process that culminates in speech and language.
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            Loss of sex discrimination and male-male aggression in mice deficient for TRP2.

            Lisa Stowers, Catherine Dulac, Markus Meister … (2002)
            The mouse vomeronasal organ (VNO) is thought to mediate social behaviors and neuroendocrine changes elicited by pheromonal cues. The molecular mechanisms underlying the sensory response to pheromones and the behavioral repertoire induced through the VNO are not fully characterized. Using the tools of mouse genetics and multielectrode recording, we demonstrate that the sensory activation of VNO neurons requires TRP2, a putative ion channel of the transient receptor potential family that is expressed exclusively in these neurons. Moreover, we show that male mice deficient in TRP2 expression fail to display male-male aggression, and they initiate sexual and courtship behaviors toward both males and females. Our study suggests that, in the mouse, sensory activation of the VNO is essential for sex discrimination of conspecifics and thus ensures gender-specific behavior.
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              Altered ultrasonic vocalization in mice with a disruption in the Foxp2 gene.

              Weiguo Shu, Julie Cho, Yuhui Jiang … (2005)
              Neurobiology of speech and language has previously been studied in the KE family, in which half of the members have severe impairment in both speech and language. The gene responsible for the phenotype was mapped to chromosome 7q31 and identified as the FOXP2 gene, coding for a transcription factor containing a polyglutamine tract and a forkhead DNA-binding domain. Because of linkage studies implicating 7q31 in autism, where language impairment is a component of the disorder, and in specific language impairment, FOXP2 has also been considered as a potential susceptibility locus for the language deficits in autism and/or specific language impairment. In this study, we characterized mice with a disruption in the murine Foxp2 gene. Disruption of both copies of the Foxp2 gene caused severe motor impairment, premature death, and an absence of ultrasonic vocalizations that are elicited when pups are removed from their mothers. Disruption of a single copy of the gene led to modest developmental delay but a significant alteration in ultrasonic vocalization in response to such separation. Learning and memory appear normal in the heterozygous animals. Cerebellar abnormalities were observed in mice with disruptions in Foxp2, with Purkinje cells particularly affected. Our findings support a role for Foxp2 in cerebellar development and in a developmental process that subsumes social communication functions in diverse organisms.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Biol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): pbio
                Title: PLoS Biology
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Print): 1544-9173
                ISSN (Electronic): 1545-7885
                Publication date (Print): December 2005
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 November 2005
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: e386
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
                Tufts University School of Medicine United States of America
                Article
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030386
                PMC ID: 1275525
                PubMed ID: 16248680
                SO-VID: b18583f7-d2d5-4580-94bb-540df6996652
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2005 Holy and Guo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                Date received : 7 January 2005
                Date accepted : 14 September 2005
                Related
                Music to Her Ears? Male Mice Sing an Ultrasonic Tune
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Animal Behavior
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Mus (Mouse)

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences

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