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      Functional Properties and Acceptability of Potentially Medicinal Tea Infusions Based on Equisetum arvense, Desmodium molliculum, and Mentha piperita

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          Abstract

          Natural herbal teas are one of the three most consumed beverages in the world, and despite their frequent use in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries, there is still much to about them. This study aimed to determine the functional properties of tea infusions made from dried Equisetum arvense (EA), Desmodium molliculum (DM), and Mentha piperita (M) grown in the Peruvian Andes. Next, using a simplex design with unrestricted centroid amplified centroid, 12 combinations were obtained for the combination of dried leaves with EA: 0∼100%, DM: 0∼100%, and M: 0∼100% optimal combination of EA: 6.59%, DM: 84.62%, and M: 8.79% maximizes functional components for total polyphenols (2,831.18 mg EAG/100 g), flavonoids (37.73 mg CAT/g), and antioxidant capacity (145.99 μmol Trolox/g). It can be confirmed that dried mixtures of these plants made into tea are a significant source of bioactive molecules, have a tolerable flavor, and can be used for therapeutic purposes when consumed.

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          Tea catechins and polyphenols: health effects, metabolism, and antioxidant functions.

          Jane V Higdon, Balz Frei (2003)
          Increasing interest in the health benefits of tea has led to the inclusion of tea extracts in dietary supplements and functional foods. However, epidemiologic evidence regarding the effects of tea consumption on cancer and cardiovascular disease risk is conflicting. While tea contains a number of bioactive chemicals, it is particularly rich in catechins, of which epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant. Catechins and their derivatives are thought to contribute to the beneficial effects ascribed to tea. Tea catechins and polyphenols are effective scavengers of reactive oxygen species in vitro and may also function indirectly as antioxidants through their effects on transcription factors and enzyme activities. The fact that catechins are rapidly and extensively metabolized emphasizes the importance of demonstrating their antioxidant activity in vivo. In humans, modest transient increases in plasma antioxidant capacity have been demonstrated following the consumption of tea and green tea catechins. The effects of tea and green tea catechins on biomarkers of oxidative stress, especially oxidative DNA damage, appear very promising in animal models, but data on biomarkers of in vivo oxidative stress in humans are limited. Larger human studies examining the effects of tea and tea catechin intake on biomarkers of oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA are needed.
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            Medicinal plants and antimicrobial activity.

            J.L. Ríos, M.C. Recio (2005)
            In the present paper, we analyze the past, present and future of medicinal plants, both as potential antimicrobial crude drugs as well as a source for natural compounds that act as new anti-infection agents. In the past few decades, the search for new anti-infection agents has occupied many research groups in the field of ethnopharmacology. When we reviewed the number of articles published on the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants in PubMed during the period between 1966 and 1994, we found 115; however, in the following decade between 1995 and 2004, this number more than doubled to 307. In the studies themselves one finds a wide range of criteria. Many focus on determining the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts found in folk medicine, essential oils or isolated compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, diterpenes, triterpenes or naphtoquinones, among others. Some of these compounds were isolated or obtained by bio-guided isolation after previously detecting antimicrobial activity on the part of the plant. A second block of studies focuses on the natural flora of a specific region or country; the third relevant group of papers is made up of specific studies of the activity of a plant or principle against a concrete pathological microorganism. Some general considerations must be established for the study of the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts, essential oils and the compounds isolated from them. Of utmost relevance is the definition of common parameters, such as plant material, techniques employed, growth medium and microorganisms tested.
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              Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases.

              Augustin Scalbert, Claudine Manach, Christine Morand … (2005)
              Polyphenols are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet and are widespread constituents of fruits, vegetables, cereals, dry legumes, chocolate, and beverages, such as tea, coffee, or wine. Experimental studies on animals or cultured human cell lines support a role of polyphenols in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, or osteoporosis. However, it is very difficult to predict from these results the effects of polyphenol intake on disease prevention in humans. One of the reasons is that these studies have often been conducted at doses or concentrations far beyond those documented in humans. The few clinical studies on biomarkers of oxidative stress, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and tumor or bone resorption biomarkers have often led to contradictory results. Epidemiological studies have repeatedly shown an inverse association between the risk of myocardial infarction and the consumption of tea and wine or the intake level of some particular flavonoids, but no clear associations have been found between cancer risk and polyphenol consumption. More human studies are needed to provide clear evidence of their health protective effects and to better evaluate the risks possibly resulting from too high a polyphenol consumption.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Prev Nutr Food Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Prev Nutr Food Sci
                Title: Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
                Publisher: The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
                ISSN (Print): 2287-1098
                ISSN (Electronic): 2287-8602
                Publication date (Print): 31 December 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 December 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 31 December 2023
                Volume: 28
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 444-452
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Centro de Experimentación e Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, Cajamarca 06121, Perú
                [2 ]Escuela de Ingeniería de Software, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Perú
                [3 ]Dirección de Incubadora de Empresas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, Cajamarca 06121, Perú
                [4 ]Departamento de Procesamiento de la Información, Data Engineering Perú, Trujillo 13009, Perú
                Author notes
                Correspondence to Johonathan Salazar-Campos, E-mail: jbsalazarc@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-1336
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3081-7081
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2892-2459
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-1962
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-6335
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-2235
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0664-1568
                Article
                Publisher ID: pnfs-28-4-444
                DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.4.444
                PMC ID: 10764227
                SO-VID: b209be93-fb77-43ab-8f9a-b1d4b4995df4
                Copyright © © 2023 The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 10 February 2023
                Date revision received : 3 August 2023
                Date accepted : 4 August 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Original

                Keywords: antioxidants,desmodium molliculum,equisetum arvense,mentha piperita,polyphenols
                Data availability:
                Keywords: antioxidants, desmodium molliculum, equisetum arvense, mentha piperita, polyphenols

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