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Abstract
The prostate gland is a rare site of primary infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans;
however, it may serve as a site of its sequestration after an occult or treated disseminated
infection. Serum prostate specific antigen may correlate with the severity of prostatic
inflammation, but its role as a diagnostic and prognostic marker is unclear. We report
the first case of primary cryptococcal prostatitis in a renal transplant recipient.
The diagnosis was established based on asymmetrically enlarged prostate gland, markedly
elevated serum PSA levels, cryptococcal fungemia, an ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy
that demonstrated cryptococcal fungal elements and growth of C. neoformans on culture.
The patient was successfully treated with a prolonged course of fluconazole and remained
disease-free for more than 28 months of follow-up. In addition, we present a review
of the published literature since 1946 and discuss possible correlation with PSA levels.